Roles for microtubules in the proliferative and differentiated cells of stratified epithelia

Hlavaty, Daniel; Lechler, Terry

doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2020.10.002

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Timely assembly and remodeling of microtubule arrays are crucial for cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. A disorganized microtubule network may impair motor-dependent transport, disrupt cytoplasmic organization, or interfere with faithful chromosome segregation during cell division [1][2][3] . Microtubules have an intrinsic polarity that is determined by the orientation of α-β-tubulin heterodimers within the microtubule lattice.…”

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confidence: 99%

Microtubule nucleation and γTuRC centrosome localization in interphase cells require ch-TOG

et al. 2023

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Organization of microtubule arrays requires spatio-temporal regulation of the microtubule nucleator γ-tubulin ring complex (γTuRC) at microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs). MTOC-localized adapter proteins are thought to recruit and activate γTuRC, but the molecular underpinnings remain obscure. Here we show that at interphase centrosomes, rather than adapters, the microtubule polymerase ch-TOG (also named chTOG or CKAP5) ultimately controls γTuRC recruitment and activation. ch-TOG co-assembles with γTuRC to stimulate nucleation around centrioles. In the absence of ch-TOG, γTuRC fails to localize to these sites, but not the centriole lumen. However, whereas some ch-TOG is stably bound at subdistal appendages, it only transiently associates with PCM. ch-TOG’s dynamic behavior requires its tubulin-binding TOG domains and a C-terminal region involved in localization. In addition, ch-TOG also promotes nucleation from the Golgi. Thus, at interphase centrosomes stimulation of nucleation and γTuRC attachment are mechanistically coupled through transient recruitment of ch-TOG, and ch-TOG’s nucleation-promoting activity is not restricted to centrosomes.

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Microtubule nucleation and γTuRC centrosome localization in interphase cells require ch-TOG

et al. 2023

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“…In epidermal basal cells, microtubules originate at the centrosome to provide a path and support for the establishment of cell polarity, intracellular transport, and mitotic spindle behavior (Hlavaty & Lechler, 2021; Lechler & Mapelli, 2021; Ma et al, 2022; Tian et al, 2021). Recent studies have revealed that the epidermis of Enkd1 ‐knockout mice is thinner than that of wild‐type mice due to the abnormal epidermal stratification caused by a reduction in superbasal keratinocytes differentiated from basal keratinocytes.…”

Section: Effect Of Centrosomes On Microtubule Remodeling During Epide...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organization of cortical microtubules in differentiated cells

Zhou

Gao

Xie

2023

Journal Cellular Physiology

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The microtubule cytoskeleton plays a critical role in a variety of cellular activities, and its structures and functions have been extensively studied. However, little is known about cell differentiation‐related microtubule remodeling, its regulatory mechanisms, and its physiological functions. Recent studies have shown that microtubule‐binding proteins as well as cell junctions, such as desmosomes and adherens junctions, are involved in the remodeling of microtubules in response to cell differentiation. In addition, the microtubule‐organizing activity and structural integrity of centrosomes undergo dramatic changes during cell differentiation to promote microtubule remodeling. Here we summarize recent advances revealing the dynamic changes in microtubule organization and functions during cell differentiation. We also highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying microtubule modeling in differentiated cells, focusing on the key roles played by microtubule‐binding proteins, cell junctions, and centrosomes.

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“…The precise spatiotemporal regulation of stellate microtubules is essential for asymmetric cell division, and multiple microtubule‐binding proteins participate in this process (Chen et al, 2021; Hlavaty & Lechler, 2021; Qi & Zhou, 2021; T. Song et al, 2022; Xie et al, 2020). Enkurin domain‐containing protein 1 (ENKD1) regulates the direction of cell division of basal keratinocytes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Regulation of epidermal stratification and development by basal keratinocytes

Yin

2023

Journal Cellular Physiology

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The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium distributed in the outermost layer of the skin and is intimately involved in the formation of a physical barrier to pathogens. Basal keratinocytes possess the properties of stem cells and play an essential role in epidermal development and skin damage recovery. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of how basal keratinocytes participate in epidermal development and stratification is vital for preventing and treating skin lesions. During epidermal morphogenesis, the symmetric division of basal keratinocytes contributes to the extension of skin tissues, while their asymmetric division and migration facilitate epidermal stratification. In this review, we summarize the process of epidermal stratification and illustrate the molecular mechanisms underlying epidermal morphogenesis. Furthermore, we discuss the coordination of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors in epidermal stratification, together with the roles of cell polarity and cell dynamics during the process.

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Roles for microtubules in the proliferative and differentiated cells of stratified epithelia

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

Microtubule nucleation and γTuRC centrosome localization in interphase cells require ch-TOG

Microtubule nucleation and γTuRC centrosome localization in interphase cells require ch-TOG

Organization of cortical microtubules in differentiated cells

Regulation of epidermal stratification and development by basal keratinocytes

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