Roles of alcohol drinking pattern in fatty liver in Japanese women

Abstract

Minimal alcohol consumption appears to have protective effects against nonalcoholic FL disease in women, although an increase in the amount of alcohol consumed appears to nullify the protective effect.

Alcohol consumption and risk of fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis

“…Then, 19 English and four Chinese studies remained for complete evaluation, four Chinese studies were excluded due to design weakness or low quality data, two English studies were excluded due to a lack of data for calculation, and one English study was discarded due to duplication. In the end, 16 observational articles with a total of 76,608 participants including 39,198 nondrinkers, 31,942 light to moderate drinkers (LM drinkers), and 5,468 heavy drinkers met our inclusion criteria (Dunn, Xu & Schwimmer, 2008; Cotrim et al, 2009; Gunji et al, 2009; Yamada et al, 2010; Hiramine et al, 2011; Dunn et al, 2012; Hamaguchi et al, 2012; Wong et al, 2012; Moriya et al, 2013; Sookoian, Castaño & Pirola, 2014; Hashimoto et al, 2015; Kächele et al, 2015; Lau et al, 2015; Moriya et al, 2015; Nishioji et al, 2015; Sogabe et al, 2015). There were 13 cross-sectional studies (Dunn, Xu & Schwimmer, 2008; Cotrim et al, 2009; Gunji et al, 2009; Hiramine et al, 2011; Dunn et al, 2012; Hamaguchi et al, 2012; Wong et al, 2012; Moriya et al, 2013; Sookoian, Castaño & Pirola, 2014; Kächele et al, 2015; Lau et al, 2015; Nishioji et al, 2015; Sogabe et al, 2015), two cross-sectional following longitudinal studies (Yamada et al, 2010; Moriya et al, 2015) and one cohort study (Hashimoto et al, 2015).…”

“…In the end, 16 observational articles with a total of 76,608 participants including 39,198 nondrinkers, 31,942 light to moderate drinkers (LM drinkers), and 5,468 heavy drinkers met our inclusion criteria (Dunn, Xu & Schwimmer, 2008; Cotrim et al, 2009; Gunji et al, 2009; Yamada et al, 2010; Hiramine et al, 2011; Dunn et al, 2012; Hamaguchi et al, 2012; Wong et al, 2012; Moriya et al, 2013; Sookoian, Castaño & Pirola, 2014; Hashimoto et al, 2015; Kächele et al, 2015; Lau et al, 2015; Moriya et al, 2015; Nishioji et al, 2015; Sogabe et al, 2015). There were 13 cross-sectional studies (Dunn, Xu & Schwimmer, 2008; Cotrim et al, 2009; Gunji et al, 2009; Hiramine et al, 2011; Dunn et al, 2012; Hamaguchi et al, 2012; Wong et al, 2012; Moriya et al, 2013; Sookoian, Castaño & Pirola, 2014; Kächele et al, 2015; Lau et al, 2015; Nishioji et al, 2015; Sogabe et al, 2015), two cross-sectional following longitudinal studies (Yamada et al, 2010; Moriya et al, 2015) and one cohort study (Hashimoto et al, 2015). Of the studies, 10 were conducted in Asia (nine in Japan (Gunji et al, 2009; Yamada et al, 2010; Hiramine et al, 2011; Hamaguchi et al, 2012; Moriya et al, 2013; Hashimoto et al, 2015; Moriya et al, 2015; Nishioji et al, 2015; Sogabe et al, 2015) and one in Hong Kong (Wong et al, 2012)) and six in other countries (two in the US (Dunn, Xu & Schwimmer, 2008; Dunn et al, 2012), 1 in Brazil (Cotrim et al, 2009), 1 in Argentina (Sookoian, Castaño & Pirola, 2014) and 2 in Germany (Kächele et al, 2015; Lau et al, 2015)).…”

“…There were 13 cross-sectional studies (Dunn, Xu & Schwimmer, 2008; Cotrim et al, 2009; Gunji et al, 2009; Hiramine et al, 2011; Dunn et al, 2012; Hamaguchi et al, 2012; Wong et al, 2012; Moriya et al, 2013; Sookoian, Castaño & Pirola, 2014; Kächele et al, 2015; Lau et al, 2015; Nishioji et al, 2015; Sogabe et al, 2015), two cross-sectional following longitudinal studies (Yamada et al, 2010; Moriya et al, 2015) and one cohort study (Hashimoto et al, 2015). Of the studies, 10 were conducted in Asia (nine in Japan (Gunji et al, 2009; Yamada et al, 2010; Hiramine et al, 2011; Hamaguchi et al, 2012; Moriya et al, 2013; Hashimoto et al, 2015; Moriya et al, 2015; Nishioji et al, 2015; Sogabe et al, 2015) and one in Hong Kong (Wong et al, 2012)) and six in other countries (two in the US (Dunn, Xu & Schwimmer, 2008; Dunn et al, 2012), 1 in Brazil (Cotrim et al, 2009), 1 in Argentina (Sookoian, Castaño & Pirola, 2014) and 2 in Germany (Kächele et al, 2015; Lau et al, 2015)). A total of 12 studies provided adjusted risk estimate, and four studies reported only crude data.…”

“…Although it has long been known that long-term heavy drinking is a cause of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, the findings from recent observational studies have shown that light (Dunn, Xu & Schwimmer, 2008; Nishioji et al, 2015), moderate (Moriya et al, 2013), and even heavier alcohol consumption (Gunji et al, 2009; Moriya et al, 2015) may decrease the risk of FLD. The mechanisms that explain the inverse association between alcohol consumption and FLD risk remain unknown, and the suggested mechanisms of protection by alcohol consumption include decreased insulin resistance, enhanced hepatic blood flow, antioxidant agents in alcoholic beverages, decreased triglyceride content in the liver, and increased circulating adiponectin (Moriya et al, 2013), Conversely, Lau et al (2015) indicated that light alcohol consumption was associated with a higher prevalence of FLD; Cotrim et al (2009) reported that light to moderate alcohol consumption (LMAC) had no impact on the severity of activity and stage of FLD.…”

“…The mechanisms that explain the inverse association between alcohol consumption and FLD risk remain unknown, and the suggested mechanisms of protection by alcohol consumption include decreased insulin resistance, enhanced hepatic blood flow, antioxidant agents in alcoholic beverages, decreased triglyceride content in the liver, and increased circulating adiponectin (Moriya et al, 2013), Conversely, Lau et al (2015) indicated that light alcohol consumption was associated with a higher prevalence of FLD; Cotrim et al (2009) reported that light to moderate alcohol consumption (LMAC) had no impact on the severity of activity and stage of FLD. Since the effect of alcohol consumption on FLD development is still controversial, we therefore combined all published epidemiologic studies on this issue to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and FLD risk.…”