Roles of Chemical Complexity and Evolutionary Theory in Some Hepatic and Intestinal Enzymatic Systems in Chemical Reproducibility and Clinical Efficiency of Herbal Derivatives

Abstract

Despite the great marketing success, most physicians attribute poor efficacy to herbals. This perception is due to two situations that are an integral part of the herbal topic. The first is the poor phytochemical reproducibility obtained during the production process of herbal extracts, as herbal extracts are not always standardized in the whole manufacturing process, but only in their titer. The second problem is linked to the evolution of important enzymatic systems: cytochromes and ABC proteins. They are both enzyme classes with detoxifying properties and seem to have evolved from the molecular mould provided by active plant substances. During the evolution, as still happens today, polyphenols, saponins, terpenes, and alkaloids were ingested together with food. They do not possess any nutritional value but seem to be provided with a potential pharmacological activity. Cytochromes and ABC proteins, which evolved over time to detoxify food from vegetable chemical “actives,” now seem to limit the action of herbal derivatives. The comprehension of these 2 events may explain the origin of the widespread scepticism of physicians about herbal medicine and suggests that, after correct herbal standardization, use of antagonists of cytochromes and ABC systems will make it possible to recover their pharmacological potential.

Impact of Nutritional Supplementation on Canine Dermatological Disorders

“…In the last decade, the number of publications with in vivo and in vitro studies about plant extract effects has tremendously increased, highlighting the importance of considering the type of extract and the extraction method used [67]. The amount of active constituents in the plant material, in fact, can be influenced by several environmental factors, but also by the plant parts and the subspecies used [48], while the bioavailability rate can be influenced by the presence in the botanical extract of natural carriers and inhibitors of P-glycoprotein and glucuronidation enzymes [68].…”

Comparative study of the mechanism of natural compounds with similar structures using docking and transcriptome data for improvingin silicoherbal medicine experimentations

“…The similarity distance measure used 1116 molecular descriptors computed from the Mordred library. Compounds were paired for distance calculation, and the Euclidean [ 1 ], cosine [ 2 ] and Tanimoto distances [ 3 ] of the paired compounds were calculated using the Python numpy library [ 24 ].…”

“…Therefore, it can be said that natural products are safe and effective [ 1 ]. However, the exact mechanism underlying the therapeutic efficacy of natural compounds has not yet been identified, which is an obstacle to the commercialization of natural product–based drugs [ 2 ]. If this issue is not overcome soon, it will not only result in the loss of trust in treatments using natural products but will also hinder the standardization and industrialization of natural products.…”

A Few Representatives of Asteroidae (Asteraceae) Subfamily and Geranium (Geraniaceae) Genus in the Baikal Region (Review

“…Следует отметить, что в растительном сырье присутствует смесь метаболитов полифенольного характера. Данное обстоятельство сказывается на специфике фармакологического действия и формирует научную основу для моделирования и создания новых эффективных растительных препаратов [1,[5][6][7][8][9][10].…”