“…In photodamaged skin, AKs, and cSCCs, evidence of the TP53 tumor suppressor protein was observed in keratinocytes and has been recorded in 69 to over 90% of invasive cSCC [20, 21]. Other implicated mutations in field cancerized islands include the oncogenes c-myc, Ras, H-ras, c-jun, WNT and KNSTRN and the tumor suppressors, p16INK4, NF-κB, Notch1, Notch2, Hes1 and Erdr1 [20, 16, 2, 22, 23]. Some studies have genotyped AKs and cSCC to identify potential key biomarkers which may be useful for diagnosis, prevention or treatment [24, 11, 25].…”