Roles of fault structures and regional formations on CO2 migration and distribution in shallow saline aquifer in Green River, Utah

Han, Gidon; Han, Weon Shik; Kim, Kue‐Young; Park, Jong Gil; Piao, Jize; Yun, Tae Kwon

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.01.027

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Therefore, the gas trap is sealed laterally (by the fault and limbs of the fold) and at the top (by the Earthy Member), causing FPG to accumulate. This interpretation is similar to previous numerical modelling studies [26,28,29] that modelled the Little Grand Wash Fault as a free-phase CO 2 gas source and the resulting up-dip migration and trapping of FPG against faults with low lateral permeability (i.e., the Salt Wash Graben or Little Grand Wash Fault).…”

Section: Tomogram Resistivity Distribution and Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…on the resistivity of the Slick Rock Member, S g was varied from 0 to 0.8 in Equation (3). A residual liquid saturation of S w = 0:2 (i.e., S g = 0:8) was used to represent gas saturated conditions [29]. Figure 7 compares the calculated resistivities to the tomogram.…”

Section: Comparisons With Archie's Law Equation Calculatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a FPG accumulation within the Entrada Formation was inferred to be the source of erupted gas during Crystal Geyser's most powerful (or "major" [21]) eruptions because the CO 2 discharge and duration were too large/lengthy to be solely supplied by degassing inside the well conduit [27]. Consequently, numerical modelling studies simulated the large-scale lateral spreading and development of FPG plumes beneath low permeability strata in the Green River Anticline [26,28,29]. Despite the few drilling observations and modelling efforts of FPG, the actual location and greater spatial extent of such speculated FPG accumulations remain uncertain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Imaging of a Shallow Free-Phase Stray Gas Plume from an Abandoned Exploration Well

2021

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Geophysical imaging of free-phase gas (FPG) within aquifers is an emerging method for understanding the mechanisms controlling stray gas migration from oil and gas wells. Crystal Geyser is an unsealed and partially cased well that transports stray CO2 gas to the shallow subsurface. Accumulations of subsurface CO2 FPG near Crystal Geyser have been inferred, but the actual location and dimensions remained unclear. Here, the subsurface FPG distribution surrounding Crystal Geyser was characterized by interpreting 2D electrical resistivity images with previous drilling records and field mapping. An approximately 70-metre-wide FPG plume was located laterally between Crystal Geyser’s conduit and the Little Grand Wash Fault. The FPG plume spanned the vertical extent of approximately 20 to 55 metres below the ground surface, located within the Slick Rock Member sandstone with the relatively low permeability Earthy Member silty sandstone acting as a caprock. The FPG plume was identified from an anomalously high resistivity zone within the Slick Rock Member that was not caused by lateral lithofacies changes or fault displacement. The conceptual FPG migration pathways beneath Crystal Geyser are presented, based on the interpreted FPG distribution from the electrical resistivity images combined with previous site characterization and the principles of buoyant FPG migration. FPG accumulates within the Slick Rock Member by buoyant up-dip migration beneath siltstone capillary barriers of the Earthy Member. FPG leaks to the ground surface within high permeability preferential pathways along the Little Grand Wash Fault and the conduit of Crystal Geyser.

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Section: Tomogram Resistivity Distribution and Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Comparisons With Archie's Law Equation Calculatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrical Imaging of a Shallow Free-Phase Stray Gas Plume from an Abandoned Exploration Well

2021

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“…Additionally, exit velocities were also measured during the other six eruption periods (Figure S4 in Supporting Information S1), and more detailed explanations can be found in the supplemental material (Text S1 of Supporting Information S1). Before the eruption, CO 2 -rich water was continuously recharged from the CO 2 -sourcing aquifer (i.e., Entrada and Navajo Sandstone) (Han et al, 2017(Han et al, , 2019Hood & Patterson, 1984). When the CO 2 -rich water approached the wellhead, dissolved CO 2 began to exsolve, and gaseous CO 2(g) bubbles initiated from the FD where dissolved CO 2 in water (C CO2 ) became equal to CO 2 solubility under the ambient P and T conditions (stage I in Figure 2a) (Lu et al, 2005;Watson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Naturally Driven Eruptions In Tenmile Geysermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Colorado Plateau, which extends over parts of Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico, is an elevated tectonic platform caused by Cenozoic tectonism (Parsons & McCarthy, 1995) and contains a large number of magmatically sourced CO 2 reservoirs, most of which have remained secure for 10 4 –10 6 years (Gilfillan et al., 2008; Shipton et al., 2004). Here, CO 2 has leaked through unexpected pathways such as abandoned wellbores to form CO 2 geysers (Han et al., 2019; Jung et al., 2015). Several CO 2 ‐driven geysers, including Crystal, Tumble Weed, and Tenmile geysers, can be found near the Green River area, Utah.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Changes in Periodicity of the CO₂‐Driven Cold‐Water Geyser Eruptions Through Field Observation at Tenmile Geyser, Utah

Piao

Han

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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CO2‐driven cold‐water geysers periodically ejecting cold water are rare. Although coalescence and expansion of ascending CO2 bubbles can explain the eruption process, the triggering conditions and eruption cycle remain unclear. To clarify the triggering conditions, hydrostatic pressure in the well was decreased by pumping to induce eruptions. All four pumping tests successfully induced eruptions by decreasing the pressure of ∼104 Pa. In the absence of artificial perturbations, similar reductions in pressure were observed during the intervals between two consecutive eruptions (IBEs). During IBE, the atmospheric pressure (Pair) and temperature (Tair) controlled the generation of the CO2 bubbles which directly induced the pressure reduction in the well. Especially under the persistent low Pair and high Tair, the length of IBE showed a minimum value of 3.90 hr during field observations. We suggest that the atmospheric perturbations are the causes of the changes in geyser periodicity, given consistent geological and hydraulic conditions.

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Impact of injection temperature and formation slope on CO2 storage capacity and form in the Ordos Basin, China

Yang

Jing

Tang

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage capacity is the main criterion for assessing CO2 geological storage. Based on actual data from the Shiqianfeng formation in the Ordos Basin, three-dimensional (3D) models were built using the TOUGHVISUAL visualization software and simulated using the TOUGH2 integral finite difference modeling code with the ECO2N fluid property module to explore the impact of formation attributes (formation slope) and controllable factors (injection temperature) on CO2 storage capacity. A total of 16 schemes were designed, with four injection temperatures (24℃, 31℃, 38℃ and 45℃) and four formation slopes (0°, 5°, 10° and 15°). Simulation results showed that the injection temperature and formation slope both had a significant influence on CO2 storage capacity. The impact of injection temperature on the total storage amount was more obvious than that of the impact of formation slope. A higher injection temperature resulted in a greater total storage amount. Increasing the formation slope and injection temperature increased the gas-phase, dissolved-phase and total CO2 storage amounts in the upper left section of the injection well, but decreased them in the lower right part of the injection well. The impact of formation slope on the conversion rate from gas-phase CO2 to dissolved-phase CO2 was more obvious than the impact of injection temperature. A steeper formation slope resulted in a higher conversion rate. A shallower formation slope and a higher injection temperature should be selected to store CO2.

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Roles of fault structures and regional formations on CO2 migration and distribution in shallow saline aquifer in Green River, Utah

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Electrical Imaging of a Shallow Free-Phase Stray Gas Plume from an Abandoned Exploration Well

Electrical Imaging of a Shallow Free-Phase Stray Gas Plume from an Abandoned Exploration Well

Investigating the Changes in Periodicity of the CO₂‐Driven Cold‐Water Geyser Eruptions Through Field Observation at Tenmile Geyser, Utah

Impact of injection temperature and formation slope on CO2 storage capacity and form in the Ordos Basin, China

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Roles of fault structures and regional formations on CO2 migration and distribution in shallow saline aquifer in Green River, Utah

Cited by 15 publications

References 56 publications

Electrical Imaging of a Shallow Free-Phase Stray Gas Plume from an Abandoned Exploration Well

Electrical Imaging of a Shallow Free-Phase Stray Gas Plume from an Abandoned Exploration Well

Investigating the Changes in Periodicity of the CO2‐Driven Cold‐Water Geyser Eruptions Through Field Observation at Tenmile Geyser, Utah

Impact of injection temperature and formation slope on CO2 storage capacity and form in the Ordos Basin, China

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Investigating the Changes in Periodicity of the CO₂‐Driven Cold‐Water Geyser Eruptions Through Field Observation at Tenmile Geyser, Utah