Roles of glutamate and FMRFamide-related peptides at the chromatophore neuromuscular junction in the cuttlefish,Sepia officinalis

Loi, Poh Kheng; Tublitz, Nathan J.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(20000515)420:4<499::aid-cne7>3.0.co;2-e

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…A fourth regression was performed on these three areas combined and referred to as the whole PSEM. The posterior posterior chromatophore lobe (PPCL; Loi and Tublitz 2000) and magnocellular lobe (MCL) were not included as they contained too few, if any, labeled cells for this analysis. Each lobe was distinguished from its neighboring lobes based on cell size and/or structures such as nerve tracts that naturally divided lobes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Central distribution and three-dimensional arrangement of fin chromatophore motoneurons in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

Gaston

Tublitz

2006

Invert Neurosci

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Cephalopod body patterning is a most complex invertebrate behavior. Generated primarily by pigment-containing chromatophore organs, this behavior enables rapid alteration of body coloration as a result of direct innervation of chromatophores by motoneurons. This study focuses on location and arrangement of fin chromatophore motoneurons in the cuttlefish Sepia and investigates the possibility of central topography. Retrograde labeling of topographically arranged fin nerve branches in the periphery revealed the posterior subesophageal mass (PSEM) of the brain as the primary location of fin chromatophore motoneurons; within this region, most cells were located in the posterior chromatophore and fin lobes. Additionally, a small percentage of labeled motoneurons occurred in the anterior subesophageal mass and the stellate ganglia. Data from three-dimensional reconstructions of PSEMs showed the arrangement of labeled motoneurons within individual lobes; these data suggest no obvious topographic arrangement. Further, electrical stimulation of the PSEM generated chromatophore activity on the fin and mantle. These stimulation results, coupled with the retrograde labeling, suggest that chromatophore motoneurons are located across multiple PSEM lobes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three of these lobes were the PCL, the FL, and the PVL. The fourth lobe, a smaller lobe described by Loi and Tublitz (2000) and termed the PPCL, contained a few labeled cells. The fifth lobe, the MCL, contained no labeled cells.…”

Section: Retrograde Labeling Of Fin Nerve Branchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central distribution and three-dimensional arrangement of fin chromatophore motoneurons in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

Gaston

Tublitz

2006

Invert Neurosci

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“…Three of these lobes were the posterior chromatophore lobe (PCL), the fin lobe (FL), and the palliovisceral lobe (PVL) (Fig.·5A,B). The fourth lobe, a smaller lobe described by Loi and Tublitz (2000) and termed the posterior posterior chromatophore lobe (PPCL), contained a few labeled cells (photo not shown). The fifth lobe, the magnocellular lobe (MCL), contained no labeled cells.…”

Section: Stimulation Of Fin Nerve Branchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the BRL) express FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity. Since previous work in Sepia has shown the FMRFamide family of neuropeptides to act as excitatory transmitters at the chromatophore neuromuscular junction (Loi et al, 1996;Loi and Tublitz, 2000), it is possible that labeled cells in the BRL could be chromatophore motoneurons. Having anteriorly located chromatophore motoneurons that innervate chromatophores in posterior regions of the body could be advantageous in a cephalopod for coordination of body patterning between anterior and posterior parts of the animal.…”

Section: Location Of Fin Chromatophore Motoneuronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral innervation patterns and central distribution of fin chromatophore motoneurons in the cuttlefishSepia officinalis

Gaston

Tublitz

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Body patterning behavior in unshelled cephalopod molluscs such as squid,octopuses, and cuttlefish is the ability of these animals to create complex patterns on their skin. This behavior is generated primarily by chromatophores, pigment-containing organs that are directly innervated by central motoneurons. The present study focuses on innervation patterns and location of chromatophore motoneurons in the European cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, specifically those motoneurons that control chromatophores of the fin. The fin is known to be innervated by the large, branching fin nerve. This study further characterizes the innervation of fin chromatophores by the fin nerve, generates a reference system for the location of fin nerve branches across individuals, and localizes the neurons whose axons innervate fin chromatophores through the fin nerve. Data from extracellular stimulation of fin nerve branches in intact animals demonstrate topographic innervation of fin chromatophores, while retrograde labeling data reveal the posterior subesophageal mass of the brain as the primary location of fin chromatophore motoneurons.

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“…AMPA, kainate quisqualate and domoate all expand the chromatophores, but this effect can be blocked by CNQX and DNQX (50 M). In Sepia Loi & Tublitz [35] have also shown that Joro spider toxin can block the effects of L-glu, so that there is overwhelming evidence that at the majority of chromatophores L-glu acts via AMPA/kainate-like receptors.…”

Section: Chromatophore Musclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Glutamate and its Ionotropic Receptors in the Nervous System of Cephalopods

Cosmo

Cristo²,

Messenger³

2006

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Abstract:In several species of cephalopod molluscs there is good evidence for the presence of L-glutamate in the central and peripheral nervous system and evidence for both classes of ionotropic receptor, AMPA/kainate and NMDA.The best evidence for glutamate being a transmitter in cephalopods comes from pharmacological, immunohistochemical and molecular investigations on the giant fibre system in the squid stellate ganglion. These studies confirm there are AMPA/kainate-like receptors on the third-order giant axon. In the (glial) Schwann cells associated with the giant axons both classes of glutamate receptor occur.Glutamate is an excitatory transmitter in the chromatophores and in certain somatic muscles and its action is mediated primarily via AMPA/kainate-like receptors, but at some chromatophores there are NMDA-like receptors.In the statocysts the afferent crista fibres are also glutamatergic, acting at non-NMDA receptors.In the brain (of Sepia) a neuronal NOS is activated by glutamate with subsequent production of nitric oxide and elevation of cGMP levels. This signal transduction pathway is blocked by D-AP-5, a specific antagonist of the NMDA receptor.Recently immunohistochemical analysis has demonstrated (in Sepia and Octopus) the presence of NMDAR2A /B -like receptors in motor centres, in the visual and olfactory systems and in the learning system. Physiological experiments have shown that glutamatergic transmission is involved in long term potentation (LTP) in the vertical lobe of Octopus, a brain area involved in learning. This effect seems to be mediated by non-NMDA receptors. Finally in the CNS of Sepia NMDA-mediated nitration of tyrosine residues of cytoskeletal protein such as -tubulin, has been demonstrated.

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Roles of glutamate and FMRFamide-related peptides at the chromatophore neuromuscular junction in the cuttlefish,Sepia officinalis

Cited by 36 publications

References 22 publications

Central distribution and three-dimensional arrangement of fin chromatophore motoneurons in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

Central distribution and three-dimensional arrangement of fin chromatophore motoneurons in the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis

Peripheral innervation patterns and central distribution of fin chromatophore motoneurons in the cuttlefishSepia officinalis

L-Glutamate and its Ionotropic Receptors in the Nervous System of Cephalopods

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