Roles of Host Plants in Boll Weevil Range Expansion beyond Tropical Mesoamerica

Showler, Allan T.

doi:10.1093/ae/55.4.234

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Despite the frequent records of pollen feeding by boll weevils, which are partly due to the fact that it is easier to detect pollen in the insect gut after dissection, they can also consume floral and extrafloral nectar and other plant tissues (Showler, 2008(Showler, , 2009. The nutritional value of these two resources is still unknown, as well as their isolated effect on boll weevil survival.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The great genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of the boll weevil makes it able to adapt to a wide variety of environmental conditions, allowing the expansion of its geographical distribution beyond its center of origin (Central America) (Showler, 2009). Populations of boll weevil native from Mesoamerican region, for example, presented dormancy, characterized by a physiological state in which the insect does not feed or reproduce at all during the harsh winter (Showler 2007(Showler , 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Populations of boll weevil native from Mesoamerican region, for example, presented dormancy, characterized by a physiological state in which the insect does not feed or reproduce at all during the harsh winter (Showler 2007(Showler , 2009. In subtropical regions, under low temperate conditions during the winter, a minor portion of boll weevil population move into surrounding habitats where they survive and reproduce during the winter in small patches of cotton volunteer plants or survive feeding on other plants in the local vegetation in a stage of reproductive dormancy, especially in areas of citrus and cactus fruit, common in the region of Texas -USA (Spurgeon et al, 2003;Spurgeon and Raulston, 2006;Showler and Abrigo, 2007;Showler, 2009Showler, , 2012. They stay there until the cotton plants begin to produce cotton squares in the next crop season.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival and preference of cotton boll weevil adults for alternative food sources

et al. 2016

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Plants that have potential as alternative food source (floral nectar, pollen and plant tissues) to the boll weevil during the intercropping season were evaluated considering the prevalent conditions of Cerrado in the Central Brazil. Initially, we tested the nutritional adequacy for the survival of the insect of flower resource (pollen and nectar) provided by eight plant species (fennel, mexican sunflower, castor bean, okra, hibiscus, sorghum, pigeonpea and sunn hemp). Subsequently, we tested if the resources provided by the selected plants continued to be exploited by the boll weevil in the presence of cotton plant, its main food source average longevity of boll weevil adults was significantly longer when they were fed on hibiscus' flowers (166.6 ± 74.4) and okra flowers (34.7 ± 28.9) than when they fed on flowers of other six species. Subsequently, the preference of the boll weevil in the use of resources was compared between okra or hibiscus and cotton plants, in dual choice experiments. Boll weevils preferred plants of the three species in the reproductive stages than those in vegetative stages. Although the cotton plant in the reproductive stage was the most preferred plant of all, boll weevils preferred flowering okra and hibiscus than cotton at the vegetative stage.Keywords: Anthonomus grandis, Malvacea, okra, hibiscus. Sobrevivência e preferência para exploração de recursos de adultos do bicudo do algodoeiro ResumoPlantas que podem ser uma fonte potencial de recursos alimentares (néctar floral, pólen e tecidos vegetais) para o bicudo do algodoeiro durante a entressafra foram avaliadas, considerando as condições ambientais prevalentes na região de Cerrado do Brasil Central. Primeiro, testamos a adequação nutricional dos recursos (pólen e néctar) fornecidos por oito espécies de plantas (erva-doce, margaridão, mamona, quiabo, hibisco, sorgo, feijão guandu e crotalária) como único recurso alimentar para a sobrevivência do inseto. Posteriormente, nós avaliamos se os recursos fornecidos pelas plantas selecionadas continuaram a serem explorados pelo bicudo na presença do algodoeiro, seu recurso alimentar principal. A longevidade média do bicudo do algodoeiro foi significativamente maior quando eles foram alimentados com flores de hibisco (166,6 ± 74,4) e quiabo (34,7 ± 28,9) do que quando alimentados com flores das outras seis espécies. Em seguida, a preferência do bicudo no uso de recursos foi comparada contrastando o quiabo e o hibisco com o algodão, em experimentos de dupla escolha. Os bicudos preferiram as plantas das três espécies na fase reprodutiva em relação àquelas em estádios vegetativos. Embora a preferência por plantas de algodão na fase reprodutiva tenha sido maior, os bicudos preferiram plantas em floração de quiabo e hibisco quando estas foram contrastadas com o algodão na fase vegetativa.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival and preference of cotton boll weevil adults for alternative food sources

et al. 2016

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“…The process starts with a series (often seven) of fall malathion applications that were once [and probably erroneously (Showler, 2010)] termed "diapause sprays" (McKibben et al, 2001). The aim is to reduce late season populations that will be further, and dramatically, reduced during cold temperate winters when food is unavailable and temperatures can be lethal (Showler, 2009b(Showler, ,c, 2010. Pheromone traps are then deployed around all cotton fields during the following spring planting and spraying of each field begins 5-6 weeks later based on trap captures; the process is repeated annually until the boll weevil is no longer found (USDA-APHIS, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, there are 262,000 ha of cotton in east and subtropical south Texas where eradication has not been achieved (Texas Boll Weevil Eradication Foundation, 2011). While the chance of boll weevil dispersal from infested areas on wind and in hurricane systems exists (Texas Boll Weevil Eradication Foundation, 2011), particularly from nearby Mexico where eradication efforts are not underway, there are other overriding factors contributing to the pest's persistence in the subtropics (Showler, 2007(Showler, , 2009b. Misconceptions relating to boll weevil ecology and biology (Showler, 2009c), while immaterial in cold temperate areas, appear to underlie the challenges to eradication efforts under subtropical conditions (Showler, 2009b(Showler, , 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Conundrum of Chemical Boll Weevil Control in Subtropical Regions

Showler¹

2012

Insecticides - Pest Engineering

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Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant and implications for insecticide exposure

Arruda

Torres

Rolim³

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Immature stages of boll weevil complete development endophytically leaving only the adult stage accessible for chemical control. We tested the hypothesis that boll weevil colonization of the cotton plants significantly affects their exposure to sprayed insecticides. We determined the adult dispersal toward and within cotton plants, lethal time (LT), and residual control by recommended insecticides (malathion, carbosulfan, thiamethoxam, fipronil, beta‐cyfluthrin, lambda‐cyhalothrin, and thiamethoxam + lambda‐cyhalothrin) through dried residue exposure and residual control regarding the leaf position in the upper and the lower thirds of the treated plant canopy. RESULTS Newly emerged adults from fallen buds reached the cotton plants by walking (80%) and most of the time settling on cotton bolls in the lower part of the plants (78%). Irrespective of sex and mating status, adults released on the upper part of the plant remained longer on the same release site than the lower part, with some individuals remaining up to 50 h on the same flower bud. The shortest LT90 was found with thiamethoxam (106 h). Fipronil and malathion, respectively, provided the longest (>144 h) and shortest (24 h) residual control times and caused boll weevil mortality above 80%. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that weevils accessing the cotton plants exhibited within‐plant distribution that minimizes their contact with insecticide residue on plant foliage. Furthermore, short residual control with malathion, the most used insecticide against boll weevil, and the low susceptibility exhibited by the tested population to pyrethroids highlight the current challenges faced for boll weevil control in Brazilian cotton fields. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Roles of Host Plants in Boll Weevil Range Expansion beyond Tropical Mesoamerica

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

Survival and preference of cotton boll weevil adults for alternative food sources

Survival and preference of cotton boll weevil adults for alternative food sources

The Conundrum of Chemical Boll Weevil Control in Subtropical Regions

Dispersal of boll weevil toward and within the cotton plant and implications for insecticide exposure

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