Roles of maternal effects and nuclear genetic composition change across the life cycle of crop–wild hybrids

Alexander, Helen M.; Emry, D. Jason; Pace, Brian A.; Kost, Matthew A.; Sparks, Kathryn A.; Mercer, Kristin L.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1400088

Cited by 15 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…All paternal and maternal parents for seeds generated in 2010 were derived from a previous round of hand pollinations (2009) as described in Alexander et al. (). We generated seeds of 15 sunflower cross types on wild, F 1 crop‐wild hybrid, and crop maternal plants (Table ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Removal dates were selected based on a previous seed burial study at this location conducted from 2009 to 2010 (Alexander et al. ; Mercer et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Alexander et al. ). However, such field studies were carried out with a limited number of cross types and thus do not fully represent the genetic diversity likely present at early stages of crop‐wild hybridization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…; Teo‐Sherrill ; Alexander et al. , ). Third, laboratory research has highlighted variation in seed size and effects of seed coverings on germination behavior for crop, F 1 hybrid, and wild maternal parents (Brunick ; Weiss et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, we have learned that cross types precociously germinating in the fall should create a significant source of mortality for some hybrids (Alexander et al. ). Yet we do not understand how the maternal parent of crop‐wild hybrid seed may affect overwinter survival and entry into a persistent seed bank.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed fates in crop–wild hybrid sunflower: crop allele and maternal effects

Pace

Alexander

Emry

et al. 2014

Evolutionary Applications

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Domestication has resulted in selection upon seed traits found in wild populations, yet crop-wild hybrids retain some aspects of both parental phenotypes. Seed fates of germination, dormancy, and mortality can influence the success of crop allele introgression in crop-wild hybrid zones, especially if crop alleles or crop-imparted seed coverings result in out-of-season germination. We performed a seed burial experiment using crop, wild, and diverse hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cross types to test how a cross type's maternal parent and nuclear genetic composition might affect its fate under field conditions. We observed higher maladaptive fall germination in the crop- and F1- produced seeds than wild-produced seeds and, due to an interaction with percent crop alleles, fall germination was higher for cross types with more crop-like nuclear genetics. By spring, crop-produced cross types had the highest overwintering mortality, primarily due to higher fall germination. Early spring germination was identical across maternal types, but germination continued for F1-produced seeds. In conclusion, the more wild-like the maternal parent or the less proportion of the cross type's genome contributed by the crop, the greater likelihood a seed will remain ungerminated than die. Wild-like dormancy may facilitate introgression through future recruitment from the soil seed bank.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Removal dates were selected based on a previous seed burial study at this location conducted from 2009 to 2010 (Alexander et al. ; Mercer et al. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seed fates in crop–wild hybrid sunflower: crop allele and maternal effects

Pace

Alexander

Emry

et al. 2014

Evolutionary Applications

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Effects of the soil microbiome on the demography of two annual prairie plants

Reynolds

Wagner

Wang

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Both mutualistic and pathogenic soil microbes are known to play important roles in shaping the fitness of plants, likely affecting plants at different life cycle stages. In order to investigate the differential effects of native soil mutualists and pathogens on plant fitness, we compared survival and reproduction of two annual tallgrass prairie plant species (Chamaecrista fasciculata and Coreopsis tinctoria) in a field study using 3 soil inocula treatments containing different compositions of microbes. The soil inocula types included fresh native whole soil taken from a remnant prairie containing both native mutualists and pathogens, soil enhanced with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi derived from remnant prairies, and uninoculated controls. For both species, plants inoculated with native prairie AM fungi performed much better than those in uninoculated soil for all parts of the life cycle. Plants in the native whole prairie soil were either generally similar to plants in the uninoculated soil or had slightly higher survival or reproduction. Overall, these results suggest that native prairie AM fungi can have important positive effects on the fitness of early successional plants. As inclusion of prairie AM fungi and pathogens decreased plant fitness relative to prairie AM fungi alone, we expect that native pathogens also can have large effects on fitness of these annuals. Our findings support the use of AM fungi to enhance plant establishment in prairie restorations.

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Can achene selection in sunflower crop–wild hybrids by pre-dispersal seed predators hasten the return to phenotypically wild sunflowers?

et al. 2015

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Bird attack is a serious limitation to sunflower yield in several regions of the world, but it could also cause selection. The wild Helianthus annuus, naturalized in several regions of the world, hybridizes with the crop and produces crop-wild offspring. It is unknown how the selective force of seed predation by birds could drive evolution after a hybridization event. After two generations of natural selection exerted by birds (mostly by Eared Dove and Monk Parakeets), achene and plant traits of the cropwild hybrid progeny were compared with the same hybrid progeny without any selection by birds. After two generations of bird selection the achene width, thickness and weight decreased by an average of 18.5, 26.7 and 49.2 %, respectively. Also in response to bird selection there was a correlated increase in the plant height, stem diameter, number of heads and a reduction in head diameter and the number of achenes per head. The phenotype of crop-wild plants selected by birds resembles wild plants, whereas the plants without any selection were intermediate between the parents. These results indicate that selection exerted by birds could result in the rapid evolution of cropwild sunflower populations.

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Roles of maternal effects and nuclear genetic composition change across the life cycle of crop–wild hybrids

Cited by 15 publications

References 75 publications

Seed fates in crop–wild hybrid sunflower: crop allele and maternal effects

Seed fates in crop–wild hybrid sunflower: crop allele and maternal effects

Effects of the soil microbiome on the demography of two annual prairie plants

Can achene selection in sunflower crop–wild hybrids by pre-dispersal seed predators hasten the return to phenotypically wild sunflowers?

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