“…Thus, the enhancement of water absorption can trigger faster germination and earlier seedling vigor by regulating endogenous hormones and hydrolytic enzymes during imbibition and sequentially supplying nutrients to an actively growing embryo ( Li et al, 2014 ; Stolárik et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Ji et al, 2016 ; Guo et al, 2017 ; Sadhu et al, 2017 ). Additionally, plasma-induced ROS, RNS, and UV can lead to better seed germination and seedling establishment under stressful conditions as follows: 1) reduce infection with pathogenic microorganisms in germinating seeds or growing plants ( Selcuk et al, 2008 ; Filatova et al, 2014 ; Jiang et al, 2014b ; Zahoranová et al, 2016 ; Ono et al, 2017 ; Lee et al, 2019 ), 2) regulate ROS homeostasis through the antioxidant machinery of plants ( Yin et al, 2005 ; Šerá et al, 2010 ; Henselová et al, 2012 ; Bußler et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2016 ; Ji et al, 2016 ; Guo et al, 2017 ; Li et al, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2017 ), and 3) activate other defense-related responses in plant cells ( Iranbakhsh et al, 2017 ; Iranbakhsh et al, 2018 ). Many studies have shown that the application of exogenous ROS, RNS, or UV radiation has similar effects on seeds, thus resulting in an enhanced stress tolerance before stress events ( Antoniou et al, 2016 ; Thomas and Puthur, 2017 ).…”