Roles of taurine in cognitive function of physiology, pathologies and toxication

Chen, Chaoran; Xia, Shufang; Jian, He; L, Gao; Xie, Zhengjun; Han, Hongjie

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116584

Cited by 103 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…Among the species of Lactobacillus , it has been reported that Lactobacillus fermentum confers symbiotic impacts by stimulation of effective immunity and antioxidant activity in aging mice 16 . Similarly, in our previous studies, we showed that one strain of Lactobacillu s species, L. fermentum JDFM216, exerts probiotic properties such as adhesive properties, lifespan extension, strengthening of the immune system and other health-promoting functions in a Caenorhabditis elegans animal model 17 . Here we focused on understanding whether and how microbiota alterations by supplementation with L. fermentum JDFM216 contribute to behavior and immune responses, and whether physical and mental decline could be targeted by gut microbiota modulations using the aged mouse model.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…It induces protein and DNA damage in conjunction with genetic instability and insufficient DNA damage repair 65 . Butanoate, lipoic acid, vitamin B6 and taurine, which are positively correlated with the OTU of Lactobacillus , are well known to have antioxidative effects by preventing oxygen radical generation 66 , antagonizing electrophilic oxidative stress 67 , and activating the transcription factor Nrf-2 (NF-E2 p45-related factor 2), which is a master regulator of cellular detoxification responses and redox status 17 , 68 . Recently, a number of studies have been published showing that probiotics have potent antioxidant capacity through the Nrf2 signaling pathway 69 , 70 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216 improves cognitive behavior and modulates immune response with gut microbiota

Park

Shin

Mun

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Increasing evidence indicates that alterations in gut microbiota are associated with mammalian development and physiology. The gut microbiota has been proposed as an essential player in metabolic diseases including brain health. This study aimed to determine the impact of probiotics on degenerative changes in the gut microbiota and cognitive behavior. Assessment of various behavioral and physiological functions was performed using Y-maze tests, wheel running tests, accelerated rotarod tests, balance beam tests, and forced swimming tests (FSTs), using adult mice after 50 weeks of administering living probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216 or a vehicle. Immunomodulatory function was investigated using immune organs, immune cells and immune molecules in the mice, and gut microbiota was also evaluated in their feces. Notably, the L. fermentum JDFM216-treated group showed significantly better performance in the behavior tests (P < 0.05) as well as improved phagocytic activity of macrophages, enhanced sIgA production, and stimulated immune cells (P < 0.05). In aged mice, we observed decreases in species belonging to the Porphyromonadaceae family and the Lactobacillus genus when compared to young mice. While administering the supplementation of L. fermentum JDFM216 to aged mice did not shift the whole gut microbiota, the abundance of Lactobacillus species was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Our findings suggested that L. fermentum JDFM216 also provided beneficial effects on the regulation of immune responses, which has promising implications for functional foods. Taken together, L. fermentum JDFM216 could confer the benefit of improving health with enhanced cognition, physiological behavior, and immunity by modulating the gut microbiota.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216 improves cognitive behavior and modulates immune response with gut microbiota

Park

Shin

Mun

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Low prolactin levels could also affect stress response since prolactin has shown to reduce anxiety behavior, modulate neurogenesis, and exert neuroprotection [ 51 ]. Additionally, taurine may act as an anti-inflammatory and promote the cognitive function [ 52 , 53 ]. Accordingly, lower taurine levels found in the hypothalamus could be contributing to endocrine and cognitive secondary effects reported after radiation treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-brain irradiation differentially modifies neurotransmitters levels and receptors in the hypothalamus and the prefrontal cortex

et al. 2020

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Background Whole-brain radiotherapy is a primary treatment for brain tumors and brain metastasis, but it also induces long-term undesired effects. Since cognitive impairment can occur, research on the etiology of secondary effects has focused on the hippocampus. Often overlooked, the hypothalamus controls critical homeostatic functions, some of which are also susceptible after whole-brain radiotherapy. Therefore, using whole-brain irradiation (WBI) in a rat model, we measured neurotransmitters and receptors in the hypothalamus. The prefrontal cortex and brainstem were also analyzed since they are highly connected to the hypothalamus and its regulatory processes. Methods Male Wistar rats were exposed to WBI with 11 Gy (Biologically Effective Dose = 72 Gy). After 1 month, we evaluated changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, taurine, aspartate, glutamate, and glutamine in the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and brainstem according to an HPLC method. Ratios of Glutamate/GABA and Glutamine/Glutamate were calculated. Through Western Blott analysis, we measured the expression of GABAa and GABAb receptors, and NR1 and NR2A subunits of NMDA receptors. Changes were analyzed comparing results with sham controls using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.05). Results WBI with 11 Gy induced significantly lower levels of GABA, glycine, taurine, aspartate, and GABAa receptor in the hypothalamus. Also, in the hypothalamus, a higher Glutamate/GABA ratio was found after irradiation. In the prefrontal cortex, WBI induced significant increases of glutamine and glutamate, Glutamine/Glutamate ratio, and increased expression of both GABAa receptor and NMDA receptor NR1 subunit. The brainstem showed no statistically significant changes after irradiation. Conclusion Our findings confirm that WBI can affect rat brain regions differently and opens new avenues for study. After 1 month, WBI decreases inhibitory neurotransmitters and receptors in the hypothalamus and, conversely, increases excitatory neurotransmitters and receptors in the prefrontal cortex. Increments in Glutamate/GABA in the hypothalamus and Glutamine/Glutamate in the frontal cortex indicate a neurochemical imbalance. Found changes could be related to several reported radiotherapy secondary effects, suggesting new prospects for therapeutic targets.

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“…Low levels of prolactin could also affect stress response since prolactin has shown to reduce anxiety behavior, modulate neurogenesis, and exert neuroprotection [47]. Additionally, taurine may act as an anti-in ammatory and have shown to promote the cognitive function [48,49]. Accordingly, lower taurine levels found in the hypothalamus could be contributing to endocrine and cognitive secondary effects reported after radiation treatments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-brain irradiation differentially modifies neurotransmitters levels and receptors in the hypothalamus and the prefrontal cortex

Franco-Pérez

Montes

Sánchez-Hernández

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Whole-brain radiotherapy is a primary treatment for brain tumors and brain metastasis, but it also induces long-term undesired effects. Since cognitive impairment can occur, research on the etiology of secondary effects has focused on the hippocampus. Often overlooked, the hypothalamus controls critical homeostatic functions, some of which are also susceptible after whole-brain radiotherapy. Therefore, using whole-brain irradiation in a rat model, we measured neurotransmitters and receptors in the hypothalamus. The prefrontal cortex and brainstem were also analyzed since they are both highly connected to the hypothalamus and its regulatory processes. Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed to whole-brain irradiation with 11 Gy (BED= 72Gy). After one month, we evaluated changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, taurine, aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, in the hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, and brainstem according to an HPLC method. Ratios of Glutamate/GABA and Glutamine/Glutamate were calculated. Through Western Blott analysis, we measured the relative expression of GABAa and GABAb receptors, and NR1 and NR2A subunits of NMDA receptors. Changes were analyzed comparing results with sham controls using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test (p<0.05). Results: Whole-brain irradiation with 11Gy induced significantly lower levels of GABA, glycine, taurine, aspartate, and GABAa receptor in the hypothalamus, one month after exposure. Also, in the hypothalamus, a higher Glutamate/GABA ratio was found after irradiation. In the prefrontal cortex, WBI induced significantly increased levels of glutamine and glutamate, Glutamine/Glutamate ratio, and increased expression of both GABAa receptor and NMDA receptor NR1 subunit. The brainstem showed no statistically significant changes after irradiation. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that whole-brain irradiation can affect rat brain regions differently and opens new avenues for study. After one month, WBI decreases inhibitory neurotransmission in the hypothalamus and, conversely, increases excitatory neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex. Increments in Glutamate/GABA in the hypothalamus and Glutamine/Glutamate in the frontal cortex both indicate a modified neurochemical balance. Found changes could be related to several reported radiotherapy secondary effects, suggesting new prospects for therapeutic targets.

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Roles of taurine in cognitive function of physiology, pathologies and toxication

Cited by 103 publications

References 135 publications

Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216 improves cognitive behavior and modulates immune response with gut microbiota

Probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum strain JDFM216 improves cognitive behavior and modulates immune response with gut microbiota

Whole-brain irradiation differentially modifies neurotransmitters levels and receptors in the hypothalamus and the prefrontal cortex

Whole-brain irradiation differentially modifies neurotransmitters levels and receptors in the hypothalamus and the prefrontal cortex

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