Roll‐to‐Roll Inkjet Printing and Photonic Sintering of Electrodes for ITO Free Polymer Solar Cell Modules and Facile Product Integration

Angmo, Dechan; Larsen-Olsen, Thue Trofod; Jørgensen, Mikkel; Søndergaard, Roar R.; Krebs, Frederik C.

doi:10.1002/aenm.201200520

Cited by 235 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The good results obtained with some of these techniques at the cell level can be considered promising for when the same will be applied to fabricating modules (rather than cells). Inkjet printing is a non-contact printing technique where ink drops can be deposited on a substrate on demand 71 and has been used to cast the perovskite, ETL, HTL, and electrode layers by different authors. 62,[71][72][73][74] Layers exhibited homogenous thickness, reproducibility, and controllable size and shape layer area.…”

Section: Ink-jet Printing Vacuum/vapor Deposition and Other Large Armentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inkjet printing is a non-contact printing technique where ink drops can be deposited on a substrate on demand 71 and has been used to cast the perovskite, ETL, HTL, and electrode layers by different authors. 62,[71][72][73][74] Layers exhibited homogenous thickness, reproducibility, and controllable size and shape layer area. Wei et al 62 fabricated a perovskite solar cell incorporating a nanocarbon hole-extraction layer via inkjet printing technique for the first time.…”

Section: Ink-jet Printing Vacuum/vapor Deposition and Other Large Armentioning

confidence: 99%

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Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

et al. 2016

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To bring perovskite solar cells to the industrial world, performance must be maintained at the photovoltaic module scale. Here we present large-area manufacturing and processing options applicable to large-area cells and modules. Printing and coating techniques, such as blade coating, slot-die coating, spray coating, screen printing, inkjet printing, and gravure printing (as alternatives to spin coating), as well as vacuum or vapor based deposition and laser patterning techniques are being developed for an effective scale-up of the technology. The latter also enables the manufacture of solar modules on flexible substrates, an option beneficial for many applications and for roll-to-roll production.

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Section: Ink-jet Printing Vacuum/vapor Deposition and Other Large Armentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ink-jet Printing Vacuum/vapor Deposition and Other Large Armentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

et al. 2016

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“…These methods include Joule heating, [31] microwave irradiation, [12] infra-red heating, [32] and photonic flash annealing. [6,[33][34][35] The latter is a contactless, highly controllable method compatible with highspeed R2R processing and, since it is based on the light absorption, holds great promise for graphene applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solution-processed conductive inks are important materials for the manufacturing of low-cost high-throughput printed electronics such as displays, [1][2][3] organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), [4,5] roll-to-roll (R2R) printed solar cells, [6][7][8][9][10] and radio frequency identification tags. [11][12][13] Even though the field of printable conductors is still mainly focused on metalbased (Ag, Cu, %50 mΩ & À1 at 25 mm thickness) [13,14] inks and PEDOT:PSS dispersions (%50 Ω & À1 ), [15] graphene-based conductive inks are gaining attention both from science [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductivity Enhancement of Binder‐Based Graphene Inks by Photonic Annealing and Subsequent Compression Rolling

et al. 2016

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This paper describes a combination of photonic annealing and compression rolling to improve the conductive properties of printed binder‐based graphene inks. High‐density light pulses result in temperatures up to 500 °C that along with a decrease of resistivity lead to layer expansion. The structural integrity of the printed layers is restored using compression rolling resulting in smooth, dense, and highly conductive graphene films. The layers exhibit a sheet resistance of less than 1.4 Ω □−1 normalized to 25 µm thickness. The proposed approach can potentially be used in a roll‐to‐roll manner with common substrates, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and paper, paving thereby the road toward high‐volume graphene‐printed electronics.

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“…Low-cost high-throughput printing of solution processed electronics is a rapidly expanding fi eld that already encompasses many large-scale applications such as roll-to-roll (R2R) printed solar cells, [1][2][3][4][5] including current collecting grids, [ 5,6 ] displays, [7][8][9] and radio frequency identifi cation devices. [10][11][12] Current developments in the fi eld result in the fabrication of devices with outstanding properties such as recyclability, fl exibility, and light weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Screen Printing Inks by Gelation of Graphene Dispersions

Arapov

Rubingh

Abbel

et al. 2015

Adv Funct Materials

150

119

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vital [ 25 ] as it facilitates thick layers (of up to 100 µm) in a single pass, however, at the expense of a lower printing defi nition.Following screen printing typically posttreatments such as drying, annealing, or top-coating are employed to maximize conductivities. The conditions of post-treatment defi ne the substrate that can be used for printing. For example, ink annealing at 250 °C and higher for 30 min [ 18,24,25 ] signifi cantly limits the range of suitable substrates and fundamentally limits high speed R2R industrial realization. Thus, the design of graphene inks that meet the requirements of current R2R applications is still to be accomplished.There are several reports on the preparation of graphene-based inks comprising either graphene oxide (GO), [ 17,19,23,[27][28][29][30] or graphite exfoliated with [ 13,16,18,22,24,25 ] and without [ 20 ] surface active agents. The preparation of inks based on GO is relatively simple. However, due to the low conductivity of GO these inks require harsh post-treatments that make them less relevant to industrial applications. Liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite with or without surfactant by ultrasonication, [ 20,[31][32][33][34] or high-shear mixing [ 22,35 ] is a fl exible, and in the latter case a scalable manufacturing approach. [ 35 ] Nevertheless prolonged high shearing still requires separation of nonexfoliated graphite while the resulting dispersions consist mainly of small (<500 nm) graphene sheets. [ 33,34,36 ] Hence the quality [ 20 ] is far from the one obtained by micromechanical cleavage. [ 37 ] In contrast, expanded graphite (EG) demonstrates much better dispersibility than graphite due to signifi cantly weakened van der Waals interactions on account of an increased distance between the layers. [ 13,[38][39][40] This results in much shorter times and smaller energy input to obtain well-exfoliated concentrated dispersions of typically large (>1 µm) fl ake graphene. [ 39,41 ] Colloidal stability, however, as for the exfoliation of graphite, requires the presence of surface active agents and can be adjusted accordingly. The quality of graphene in EG depends on the precursor used for expansion. For instance, EG obtained from GO exhibits a highly defective structure, [ 41,42 ] whereas EG obtained from either donor-or acceptor-type intercalation compounds (IC) exhibits a much smaller amount of defects and, thus, is more suitable for highly conductive inks. [39][40][41] One of the approaches for ink preparation comprises stabilization of graphene dispersions by surfactants or surface active polymers on account of charge or van der Waals repulsion. This stabilization has been studied and reported by many research

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Roll‐to‐Roll Inkjet Printing and Photonic Sintering of Electrodes for ITO Free Polymer Solar Cell Modules and Facile Product Integration

Cited by 235 publications

References 9 publications

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

Research Update: Large-area deposition, coating, printing, and processing techniques for the upscaling of perovskite solar cell technology

Conductivity Enhancement of Binder‐Based Graphene Inks by Photonic Annealing and Subsequent Compression Rolling

Conductive Screen Printing Inks by Gelation of Graphene Dispersions

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