Rolled-up magnetic microdrillers: towards remotely controlled minimally invasive surgery

Xi, Wang; Solovev, Alexander A.; Ananth, Adithya N.; Gracias, David H.; Sánchez, Samuel; Schmidt, Oliver G.

doi:10.1039/c2nr32798h

Cited by 248 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The targeted delivery of drugs can be achieved with the assistance of microswimmers [16,66], which are able to move against blood stream. Helical magnetic structures made by micro-origami techniques can function as microdrillers to remove blood clogs in the veins when remotely activated by a rotating magnetic field [67]. Microgrippers and magnetic tweezers take advantage of self-folding of micro-origami patterns, as mentioned in the introduction [29].…”

Section: Prospective Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Micro-Origami

Małkiński¹,

Eskandari²

2016

Magnetic Materials

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Microscopic origami figures can be created from thin film patterns using surface tension of liquids or residual stresses in thin films. The curvature of the structures, direction of bending, twisting, and folding of the patterns can be controlled by their shape, thickness, and elastic properties and by the strength of the residual stresses. Magnetic materials used for micro-and nano-origami structures play an essential role in many applications. Magnetic force due to applied magnetic field can be used for remote actuation of microrobots. It can also be used in targeted drug delivery to direct cages loaded with drugs or microswimmers to transport drugs to specific organs. Magnetoelastic properties of free-standing micro-origami patterns can serve for stress or magnetic field sensing. Also, the stress-induced anisotropy and magnetic shape anisotropy provide a convenient method of tuning magnetic properties by designing a shape of the microorigami figures instead of varying the composition of the films. Micro-origami figures can also serve as building blocks for two-and three-dimensional meta-materials with unique properties such as negative index of refraction. Micro-origami techniques provide a powerful method of self-assembly of magnetic circuits and integrating them with microelectro-mechanical systems or other functional devices.

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Section: Prospective Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Micro-Origami

Małkiński¹,

Eskandari²

2016

Magnetic Materials

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“…The magnetic layer also allows the utilization of the microtubes as micro-/nanodrillers [10,21]. In addition, the shape of the tubular micromotors can be altered to be slightly conical with a sharp tip when thin films are deposited on trapezoidal photoresist structures.…”

Section: Inorganic Microjets From Rolled-up Nanomembranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the shape of the tubular micromotors can be altered to be slightly conical with a sharp tip when thin films are deposited on trapezoidal photoresist structures. This leads to the ability of the drillers to make incisions in cells and tissue [21]. It was demonstrated that microjets are powerful enough to swim in a controlled manner against flow in microfluidic channels [22,23].…”

Section: Inorganic Microjets From Rolled-up Nanomembranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tubular micromotors: from microjets to spermbots

2014

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In the last decade, it was demonstrated that tubular micromotors are of potential interest for environmental, sensing, and medical applications. Even though catalytic micromotors rely on toxic fuel for their propulsion, many proof-of-concept applications were shown. Currently, the research community of micromotors is searching for biocompatible fuel solutions in order to extend the field of applications to tasks in physiological conditions. This short review gives an overview over the advances in the field of tubular micromotors explaining the different fabrication methods, fuels, and applications. The article points out the utilization of catalytic microjets in sensing, medical, and environmental applications, as well as the journey towards biocompatible tubular motors driven by motile sperm cells.

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“…Moreover, they can be controlled precisely using external sources such as magnetic fields, ultrasound or light [20]. For example, they have been used to isolate cells [21], perform microbiopsies [22], sense proteins [23], ligands or other molecules of interest, deliver drugs or even help sperms with motion deficiencies to reach the oocyte, all in vitro [24][25][26][27]. Nonetheless, it is worth noting that the use of these new systems entails additional difficulties, such as their control and visualization in deep tissue in real time [28].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro- and nano-motors: the New Generation of Drug Carriers

2018

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Micro-and nano-motors are emerging as novel drug delivery platforms, offering advantages such as rapid drug transport, high tissue penetration and motion controllability. They can be propelled and/or guided by endogenous (i.e., chemotaxis) or exogenous stimuli (e.g., ultrasound, magnetic fields, light) toward the area of interest. Moreover, such stimuli can be used to trigger the release of a therapeutic payload when the motor reaches certain location in order to improve the drug targeting. In this review article, we highlight medically oriented micro-/nano-motors, in particular the ones created for targeted drug delivery, and discuss their current limitations and possibilities toward in vivo applications. Drug-delivery systems have greatly evolved since 1952, when the first sustained release systems were introduced (see the graphical abstract) [1]. In the 1980s, self-regulated drug release carriers as well as the first drug delivery nanostructures were developed. From then on, research in this field has been focused on improving the targeting and systemic circulation of those carriers as well as to study different nanoparticle-based drug formulations, topics which have been widely reviewed in the literature [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Several nanocarriers (between 5 and 200 nm diameter) have been explored for therapy (e.g. inorganic, polymeric, liposomes, nanocrystals, nanotubes and dendrimers) [8], many of them already approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat, for example, neurovascular diseases, neurological cancers and neurodegenerative maladies [9]. The study of their pharmacokinetics has led to the creation of new carriers with reduced drug dose and protection from efflux or degradation [10]. Most of these nanocarriers include sophisticated surface biofunctionalization and coatings like polyethylene glycol (PEG) [11] or biomimetic modifications, [12] to increase their specificity and circulation time [13]. However, challenges still remain for those carriers such as the improvement of their targeting (currently only about 0.7% -median -of the administrated nanoparticle dose is found to be delivered to a solid tumor [14]), their penetration ability, drug loading capacity and delivery on the subcellular level. Other type of drug carriers are the cellular ones, which have many advantages such Graphical abstract:

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Rolled-up magnetic microdrillers: towards remotely controlled minimally invasive surgery

Cited by 248 publications

References 31 publications

Magnetic Micro-Origami

Magnetic Micro-Origami

Tubular micromotors: from microjets to spermbots

Micro- and nano-motors: the New Generation of Drug Carriers

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