Rollover Mechanism Methodology of LNG Tank with Gas-Liquid Stratification
                        Based on Curvelet Finite Element Method and Large Eddy Simulation
                        Technology

Zhao, Bing; Han, Shuai; Xu, Lizhi; Shi, Cheng; Gao, Dian kui; Zhang, Y. D.

doi:10.29252/jafm.11.03.27796

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In addition, Deshpande [61], Zhao [62], Wang [63], and Zhao [64] developed new models to predict and characterize LNG stratification and rollover behavior in storage tanks, and the models are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Four-stage Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Stratification and Rollover Behavior of Liquefied Natural Gas in Storage Tanks

Huang

Fang

et al. 2022

Processes

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Liquefied natural gas (LNG), as cleaner transitional energy than coal, is becoming increasingly prominent in the energy structure of various countries based on their low-carbon background, and its demand has grown rapidly worldwide. Storage tanks are the most commonly used LNG storage facilities. Owing to a variety of internal composition and external environmental factors, the instability phenomenon of LNG in the tanks may occur during storage, leading to potential safety risks. An in-depth understanding of the stratification and rollover behavior of LNG is therefore required to ensure and promote efficient utilization and stable storage of LNG. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of LNG stratification and rollover behavior. The factors for causing LNG stratification and rollover behavior in the storage tanks are summarized, methods for characterizing stratification and rollover behavior are discussed, and measures for inhibiting the instability phenomenon of LNG in the tanks are highlighted. Future researchers should conduct further work in enriching the factors affecting the stratification and rollover behavior, improving characterization methods, and developing inhibition measures to ensure the safe and stable storage of LNG.

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Section: Four-stage Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Stratification and Rollover Behavior of Liquefied Natural Gas in Storage Tanks

Huang

Fang

et al. 2022

Processes

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“…A very important element of research on the rollover phenomenon is the numerical determination of the factors influencing the formation of cryogenic liquid stratification and modelling of heat and mass flow [38]. Many works use the finite elements method and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method to model and predict the occurrence of the rollover phenomenon [5,[39][40][41]. Some studies investigate the effect of the forced convection caused by the cargo tank motions from sea waves on the heat and mass transfer between LNG layers and its impact on rollover occurrence [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rollover Prevention Model for Stratified Liquefied Natural Gas in Storage Tanks

Włodek,

Łaciak

2023

Energies

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At least 24 liquefied natural gas (LNG) rollover incidents have been reported since 1960. During rollover, because of the heat ingress through the tank walls, a stratified LNG may be suddenly homogenized while releasing massive amounts of vapor. It can result in an overpressure in the tank and significant amounts of potentially explosive LNG vapor being vented out. Both of these factors represent considerable hazards. Rollover is a physical mixing process in a single tank with two or more different cells of LNG of different compositions, temperatures, and densities that can manifest in large boil-off rates. It can exceed venting equipment capacities, and vapor pressure in tank increases rapidly and in extreme cases can lead to tank damage. This paper presents numerical approach for determination of time of rollover occurrence in storage tank. The presented model is based on the energy balance of the stratified cryogenic liquid and the gas phase as separate three thermodynamic systems in the storage tank. As a result of proposed model, for the adopted assumptions and cylindrical tank volume of 78,500 m3, the approximate time of the rollover occurrence was determined for two cases. In the first case, for heavier LNG, the rollover phenomenon will occur 193.25 h after the start of the calculations from the assumed initial conditions. In the second case, for light LNG with a higher initial liquid level in the tank, the rollover will occur after 150.25 h.

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“…Studies have shown that secondary backflow is caused by jets on the horizontal cross-section of the tank, and it consists of a pair of vortices. Zhao et al [35] proposed a theoretical model of gas-liquid-layered LNG tank rollover based on large eddy simulation and obtained a gas-liquid-layered LNG tank rollover curve model. Wei et al [36] carried out a numerical study on the interface instability process of multicomponent liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution Process of Liquefied Natural Gas from Stratification to Rollover in Tanks of Coastal Engineering with the Influence of Baffle Structure

Wang

Han

Liu

et al. 2021

JMSE

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During the storage process, liquefied natural gas (LNG) may undergo severe evaporation, stratification, and rollover in large storage tanks due to heat leakage, aging, or charging, causing major safety risks. Therefore, this article theoretically analyzes the causes and inducing factors of the LNG stratification and rollover phenomenon in the storage tank of coastal engineering. The computational fluid dynamics was used to establish a numerical model for the heat and mass transfer of LNG multicomponent materials in the imaginary layered interface of the storage tank, and the evolution process of LNG from spontaneous stratification to rollover was simulated. The accuracy of the mathematical model is verified by comparing numerical results with experimental data from open literature. The effects of the density difference between upper and lower layers, layering parameters, heat leakage parameters, and the baffles structure on the rollover process were studied. The effects of the interfacial surface variations are not included in this study. The results show that different baffle structures will form different boundary velocity fields, which will only affect the severity of the rollover, not the occurrence time. The larger the layering density difference, the earlier the rollover occurs. Under current conditions, the baffle structure that has the best suppression of rollover and the minimum boundary velocity is at 0.5 m above the stratified interface with the installation of the baffle at 5 degrees.

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Rollover Mechanism Methodology of LNG Tank with Gas-Liquid Stratification Based on Curvelet Finite Element Method and Large Eddy Simulation Technology

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Stratification and Rollover Behavior of Liquefied Natural Gas in Storage Tanks

A Comprehensive Review of Stratification and Rollover Behavior of Liquefied Natural Gas in Storage Tanks

Rollover Prevention Model for Stratified Liquefied Natural Gas in Storage Tanks

Evolution Process of Liquefied Natural Gas from Stratification to Rollover in Tanks of Coastal Engineering with the Influence of Baffle Structure

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