Room Temperature Chemiresistive Gas Sensors Based on 2D MXenes

Mirzaei, Ali; Lee, Myoung Hoon; Safaeian, Haniyeh; Kim, Tae-Un; Kim, Jin-Young; Kim, Hyoun Woo; Kim, Sang Sub

doi:10.3390/s23218829

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Regarding TMDs, the gas adsorption often occurs on their surfaces, interlayer, and defect sites. 57,58 Plasma activation can open the interlayers of MXenes and hence increase the interlayer spacing and surface areas of MXenes, leading to sensing enhancement. Also, plasma could remove the fluorine ions on MXenes which are undesirable for sensing application.…”

Section: General Gas Sensing Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, g-C 3 N 4 has relatively high resistance and long sensing dynamics . Hence, other 2D semiconductors like MXenes and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have gained more attention for realization of gas sensors thanks to their adjustable band gaps, high conductivity, relatively high stability, and large surface areas. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding MXenes, defects and surface functional groups play important roles in the gas adsorption. Regarding TMDs, the gas adsorption often occurs on their surfaces, interlayer, and defect sites. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistive Gas Sensors Based on 2D TMDs and MXenes

Mirzaei,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2024

Acc. Chem. Res.

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Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations CONSPECTUS: Gas sensors are used in various applications to sense toxic gases, mainly for enhanced safety. Resistive sensors are particularly popular owing to their ability to detect trace amounts of gases, high stability, fast response times, and affordability. Semiconducting metal oxides are commonly employed in the fabrication of resistive gas sensors. However, these sensors often require high working temperatures, bringing about increased energy consumption and reduced selectivity. Furthermore, they do not have enough flexibility, and their performance is significantly decreased under bending, stretching, or twisting. To address these challenges, alternative materials capable of operating at lower temperatures with high flexibility are needed. Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as MXenes and transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) offer high surface area and conductivity owing to their unique 2D structure, making them promising candidates for realization of resistive gas sensors. Nevertheless, their sensing performance in pristine form is typically weak and unacceptable, particularly in terms of response, selectivity, and recovery time (t rec ). To overcome these drawbacks, several strategies can be employed to enhance their sensing properties. Noble-metal decoration such as (Au, Pt, Pd, Rh, Ag) is a highly promising method, in which the catalytic effects of noble metals as well as formation of potential barriers with MXenes or TMDs eventually contribute to boosted response. Additionally, bimetallic noble metals such as Pt−Pd and Au/Pd with their synergistic properties can further improve sensor performance. Ion implantation is another feasible approach, involving doping of sensing materials with the desired concentration of dopants through control over the energy and dosage of the irradiation ions as well as creation of structural defects such as oxygen vacancies through high-energy ion-beam irradiation, contributing to enhanced sensing capabilities. The formation of core−shell structures is also effective, creating numerous interfaces between core and shell materials that optimize the sensing characteristics. However, the shell thickness needs to be carefully optimized to achieve the best sensing output. To reduce energy consumption, sensors can operate in a self-heating condition where an external voltage is applied to the electrodes, significantly lowering the power requirements. This enables sensors to function in energy-constrained environments, such as remote or low-energy areas. An important advantage of 2D MXenes and TMDs is their high mechanical flexibility. Unlike semiconducting metal oxides that lack mechanical flexibility, MXenes and TMDs can maintain their sensing performance even when integrated onto flexible substrates and subjected to bending, tilting, or stretching. This flexibility makes them ideal for fabricating flexible and portable gas sensors that rigid sensors cannot achieve.

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Section: General Gas Sensing Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistive Gas Sensors Based on 2D TMDs and MXenes

Mirzaei,

Kim,

Kim

et al. 2024

Acc. Chem. Res.

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“…Gas sensors have found widespread applications in various fields such as food safety, medical diagnosis, and hazardous gas monitoring due to their ability to track invisible environmental information [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. To date, a variety of materials, such as nanoparticles, metal oxide semiconductors, and 2D materials, have been used to fabricate gas sensors [ 4 , 5 ]. Among these materials, metal oxides are extensively utilized in gas detection owing to their high sensitivity, excellent stability, and low cost [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity-Enhanced, Room-Temperature Detection of NH3 with Alkalized Ti3C2Tx MXene

Tan,

Xu,

et al. 2024

Nanomaterials

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A layered Ti3C2Tx MXene structure was prepared by etching MAX-phase Ti3AlC2 with hydro-fluoric acid (HF), followed by alkalization in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions of varying concentrations and for varying durations. Compared to sensors utilizing unalkalized Ti3C2Tx, those employing alkalized Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibited enhanced sensitivity for NH3 detection at room temperature and a relative humidity of 40%. Both the concentration of NaOH and duration of alkalization significantly influenced sensor performance. Among the tested conditions, Ti3C2Tx MXene alkalized with a 5 M NaOH solution for 12 h exhibited optimal performance, with high response values of 100.3% and a rapid response/recovery time of 73 s and 38 s, respectively. The improved sensitivity of NH3 detection can be attributed to the heightened NH3 adsorption capability of oxygen-rich terminals obtained through the alkalization treatment. This is consistent with the observed increase in the ratio of oxygen to fluorine atoms on the surface terminations of the alkalization-treated Ti3C2Tx. These findings suggest that the gas-sensing characteristics of Ti3C2Tx MXene can be finely tuned and optimized through a carefully tailored alkalization process, offering a viable approach to realizing high-performance Ti3C2Tx MXene gas sensors, particularly for NH3 sensing applications.

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“…In gas-sensing technologies, a variety of sensors are employed, with the chemoresistive sensors standing out because of their cost effectiveness, ease of fabrication, and reusability [9,10]. In the field of chemoresistive sensors, semiconductor metal oxides such as TiO 2 [11], SnO 2 [12], ZnO [13], WO 3 [14], Co 3 O 4 [15], and NiO [16] are notable for their diverse morphologies, thermal stabilities, remarkable surface properties and tunable structures, making them increasingly prominent [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an NO2 Gas Sensor Based on Laser-Induced Graphene Operating at Room Temperature

Soydan,

Ergenc,

Alpas

et al. 2024

Sensors

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A novel, in situ, low-cost and facile method has been developed to fabricate flexible NO2 sensors capable of operating at ambient temperature, addressing the urgent need for monitoring this toxic gas. This technique involves the synthesis of highly porous structures, as well as the specific development of laser-induced graphene (LIG) and its heterostructures with SnO2, all through laser scribing. The morphology, phases, and compositions of the sensors were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The effects of SnO2 addition on structural and sensor properties were investigated. Gas-sensing measurements were conducted at room temperature with NO2 concentrations ranging from 50 to 10 ppm. LIG and LIG/SnO2 sensors exhibited distinct trends in response to NO2, and the gas-sensing mechanism was elucidated. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing LIG and LIG/SnO2 heterostructures in gas-sensing applications at ambient temperatures, underscoring their broad potential across diverse fields.

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Room Temperature Chemiresistive Gas Sensors Based on 2D MXenes

Cited by 13 publications

References 130 publications

Resistive Gas Sensors Based on 2D TMDs and MXenes

Resistive Gas Sensors Based on 2D TMDs and MXenes

Sensitivity-Enhanced, Room-Temperature Detection of NH3 with Alkalized Ti3C2Tx MXene

Development of an NO2 Gas Sensor Based on Laser-Induced Graphene Operating at Room Temperature

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