Room temperature magnetic hardening in mechanically milled ferromagnetic–antiferromagnetic composites

Exchange-bias phenomena in mechanically milled Fe/NiO

“…The coercivity and shift in field cooling hysteresis loops reached maxima for the 30 h milled sample, and decreased upon further milling. Similar behaviors were also observed in powders of NiO/Co mixed in ball-milling processes [11]. The reduction in the exchange bias field with milling time was related to the microstructure.…”

“…It has been recently demonstrated that it is possible to induce FM-AFM coupling in powder materials when FM-AFM materials are milled together [8][9][10][11]. Mishra et al [10] studied the nanosize particles of FeNi/CoO obtained by mechanical alloying.…”

Exchange bias effect in alloys and compounds

“…However, in most of the cases theories were limited to specific problems where intricate structures at the interfaces were simplified. Until now, EB effects have been exploited in several technological applications such as read head of recording devices [39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54], magnetoresistive random access memories (MRRAM) [55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76] and it has been proposed for the technological applications in stabilizing magnetization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles [77,78,79,80] or to improve coercivity and energy product of the permanent magnets [81,82,83,84].…”

Influence of Cr content on structure and magnetic properties of Fe–Si–Al–Cr powders

“…By mechanical alloying, Cr can dissolve into Fe-based alloys. Ferromagnetic/anti-ferromagnetic phase 100 µm 5 µm transitions occurred because of the addition of anti-ferromagnetic metal into ferromagnetic metal, and thus affected the magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic metals [6]. With the increasing Cr content, order-disorder transitions occurred in alloys.…”