Room temperature photonic crystal defect lasers at near-infrared wavelengths in InGaAsP

Painter, Oskar; Husain, A.; Scherer, Axel; O’Brien, John D.; Kim, I.; Dapkus, P. D.

doi:10.1109/50.802998

Cited by 160 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…13, each having advantages and disadvantages [87]. The following discussion will focus on 2D photonic bandgap structures based on perforated membranes [88]. 3D confined optical modes in these structures are obtained by introducing a defect into a lattice of holes.…”

Section: Microcavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed self‐assembly of single quantum dots for telecommunication wavelength optical devices

Dalacu¹,

Reimer

Frédérick

et al. 2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Strong confinement of charges in few electron systems such as in atoms, molecules and quantum dots leads to a spectrum of discrete energy levels that are often shared by several degenerate quantum states. Since the electronic structure is key to understanding their chemical properties, methods that probe these energy levels in situ are important. We show how electrostatic force detection using atomic force microscopy reveals the electronic structure of individual and coupled self-assembled quantum dots. An electron addition spectrum in the Coulomb blockade regime, resulting from a change in cantilever resonance frequency and dissipation during tunneling events, shows one by one electron charging of a dot. The spectra show clear level degeneracies in isolated quantum dots, supported by the first observation of predicted temperature-dependent shifts of Coulomb blockade peaks. Further, by scanning the surface we observe that several quantum dots may reside on what topologically appears to be just one. These images of grouped weakly and strongly coupled dots allow us to estimate their relative coupling strengths.

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Section: Microcavitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed self‐assembly of single quantum dots for telecommunication wavelength optical devices

Dalacu¹,

Reimer

Frédérick

et al. 2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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“…Photonic crystals, 1 and planar photonic crystals in particular ͑PPC͒, 2 are promising manufacturable geometries for the realization of compact optical nanocavities and their integration with waveguides, modulators, and detectors. So far, there have been several reports on room-temperature lasing in PPC nanocavities, [3][4][5][6][7] and more recently, new high-Q cavity designs based on modification of two-dimensional ͑2D͒ photonic crystals have been proposed. 4,8 In this letter, we report the experimental application of one of these designs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These high-Q values are obtained while maintaining a very small mode volume of V mode Ϸ0.1( /2). 3 The cavity used in our laser was originally designed for cavity quantum electrodynamic experiments and nanospectroscopy. Light sources or absorbing molecules can be placed into the small hole within the center of the 2D photonic crystal cavity, where the optical field intensity is the strongest.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-threshold photonic crystal laser

Lončar

Yoshie

Scherer

et al. 2002

Applied Physics Letters

303

140

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We have fabricated photonic crystal nanocavity lasers, based on a high-quality factor design that incorporates fractional edge dislocations. Lasers with InGaAsP quantum well active material emitting at 1550 nm were optically pumped with 10 ns pulses, and lased at threshold pumping powers below 220 W, the lowest reported for quantum-well based photonic crystal lasers, to our knowledge. Polarization characteristics and lithographic tuning properties were found to be in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.1511538͔The quest for a compact nanocavity laser, with highquality factor (Q) and small mode volume (V mode ), has been a central part of research in the field of integrated optics. Photonic crystals, 1 and planar photonic crystals in particular ͑PPC͒, 2 are promising manufacturable geometries for the realization of compact optical nanocavities and their integration with waveguides, modulators, and detectors. So far, there have been several reports on room-temperature lasing in PPC nanocavities, 3-7 and more recently, new high-Q cavity designs based on modification of two-dimensional ͑2D͒ photonic crystals have been proposed. 4,8 In this letter, we report the experimental application of one of these designs. The cavities are based on fractional edge dislocations, 8 and are used for the construction of a low-threshold laser in which the high field from the laser surrounds a void for chemical sensing or strong coupling to atomic light sources.Our laser design uses the simplest triangular lattice single-defect cavity containing a fractional edge dislocation. The cavity consists of a defect hole that is smaller than surrounding holes which define the photonic crystal mirror. The row that contains the defect hole is elongated by moving the two photonic crystal half planes a fraction of a lattice constant apart in the ⌫X direction, introducing a dislocation with width p ͑Fig. 1͒. We have shown earlier 8 that by tuning this p parameter, Q factors of single-defect cavities are significantly improved, and can reach values of over 10 000 when p/aϭ10% (a is the lattice constant͒. These high-Q values are obtained while maintaining a very small mode volume of V mode Ϸ0.1( /2). 3 The cavity used in our laser was originally designed for cavity quantum electrodynamic experiments and nanospectroscopy. Light sources or absorbing molecules can be placed into the small hole within the center of the 2D photonic crystal cavity, where the optical field intensity is the strongest. On the other hand, it is clear that the presence of a hole at the point of maximum field intensity is not desirable in low-threshold laser designs, since the overlap with the gain region ͑e.g., quantum wells͒ is decreased. Therefore, we expect even better cavity designs to yield further improvements over the performance of the lasers described here.Our structures are fabricated in InGaAsP quantum well material. Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition was used to grow the active laser structure o...

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“…13 The compatible symmetry between the waveguide and the cavity mode has been found to be very important for the transmission of light through coupled-cavity structures. 6,17,18 The H-field distribution of the double-degenerated H1 mode presents a symmetry which benefits the coupling between the waveguide modes and the resonant cavity mode at the 60°b end.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The device is integrated in a periodic lattice of holes formed in dielectric slab with triangular symmetry that supports only modes for the TE polarization. 12 Since the H1 cavity has a double-degenerate single defect state well inside the photonic band gap, 13 it may be possible to use this defect state for the selection of the wavelength of the emission mode in an otherwise multimode ringlike hexagonal photonic structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Coupled-cavity two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide ring laser

Alija

Martínez

Postigo

et al. 2006

Applied Physics Letters

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Coupled-cavity hexagonal ringlike photonic crystal lasers are fabricated as a class of single mode photonic crystal laser light sources. The structures are formed by placing one missing hole nanocavity ͑H1 type͒ between each two segments at 60°that form the hexagonal ringlike photonic crystal laser. The H1 cavities act as a mode filter, clamping the frequency of emission of the laser device. The emission frequency in these rings with cavities varies as the filling factor is changed, allowing the tuning of the laser emission. Stable single mode lasing occurs with side mode suppression greater than 20 dB. This kind of devices may be used as an efficient selective filter of modes and may have important applications in future photonic devices for optical communications and optical sensing.

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Room temperature photonic crystal defect lasers at near-infrared wavelengths in InGaAsP

Cited by 160 publications

References 21 publications

Directed self‐assembly of single quantum dots for telecommunication wavelength optical devices

Directed self‐assembly of single quantum dots for telecommunication wavelength optical devices

Low-threshold photonic crystal laser

Coupled-cavity two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide ring laser

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