“…Several researchers worked on developing a clear terminology and taxonomy to investigate the emergence of disputes and to identify "pathogenic influences" for dispute causation (e.g., Ilter, 2012;Love et al, 2010). Vari-ous researchers attempted to explore this phenomenon by adopting different methods such as process models (Mitropoulos & Howell, 2001), fuzzy fault trees Cheung & Pang, 2013), analytic hierarchy process (Acharya et al, 2006;Creed & Joon, 2009) subject matter and diagnostic approach (Cheung, 2014), analytic induction (Love et al, 2011), logistic regression (Diekmann & Girard, 1995), structural equation modelling (Molenaar et al, 2000;Naji et al, 2020), root cause analysis (Parchami Jalal et al, 2019;Arif & Saeed, 2021), cognitive mapping and system dynamic simulation modelling (Ackermann et al, 1997) and interpretive structuring modelling (ISM) (Viswanathan et al, 2020). Anatomy model by Cheung and Pang (2013) includes five levels of dispute hierarchy and systematic hierarchy model by Viswanathan et al (2020) is constructed through ISM.…”