Root flooding-induced changes in the dynamic dissipation of the photosynthetic energy of common bean plants

Short-term root flooding and recovery conditions—affected photosynthetic process of common bean plants

“…provides as much as 30% of the daily human dietary protein (Celmeli et al 2018), however, this crop is extremely sensitive to flooding conditions (Posso et al 2018).…”

“…The end products of fermentation and low ATP availability lead to cytosol acidification (Yang et al 2014), which results in aquaporin inhibition (Tournaire-Roux et al 2003). Upon aquaporin inhibition, water uptake by roots and hydraulic transport to the shoot are impaired (Aroca et al 2012), leading to a decrease in photosynthetic rates (Santos Jr. et al 2015;Posso et al 2018;Garcia et al 2020), and changes in the dynamic dissipation of the photosynthetic energy in common bean (Posso et al 2018). However, when normoxic conditions are re-established in the root zone, its extent effect on shoot may increase the CO 2 assimilation rates that was affected by flooding, as shown by soybean genotypes after 7 days of root flooding (Garcia et al 2020).…”

“…ROS is reported to be scavenged by an efficient induction of antioxidative enzyme system (Blokhina and Fagerstedt 2010a, b), to avoid oxidative damage that lead to lipid peroxidation (Gill and Tuteja 2010;Mitler 2017). Besides, photorespiration is also reported to be an alternative sink drain of electrons in plants with C3 metabolism (Bräutigam and Gowik 2016;Posso et al 2018). Several authors have reported a rapid recovery of plants upon re-oxygenation, however, such experiments have employed other substrate than soil, such as vermiculite (Justino and Sodek 2013;Posso et al 2020), commercial substrate (Kissmann et al 2014), or even hydroponic system (Borella et al 2017).…”

“…The characteristics of these substrates allow rapid and fast drainage and oxygen re-establishment in the root zone, increasing the recovery mechanism of plants. However, besides the negative effects caused directly by the course-time of flooding, especially in flood sensitive common bean (Posso et al 2018), we hypothesized that the soil of lowlands may take more time to reduce the excess of humidity upon drainage, due to its structural characteristics, which could maintain the soil waterlogged for a longer time (high moisture). Besides, as far as the moisture takes time to decline in the soil, the metabolism of root from common bean plants takes time to recovery and may extent the effects to the shoot.…”

“…Responses to flooding and the re-oxygenation vary from species to species depending on severity, exposure time, genotype, stage of development, organ, and tissue (van Dongen and Licausi 2015; Pucciariello and Perata 2017;Borella et al 2017;Posso et al 2018), which may be different on shoot tissues of common bean from the roots subjected directly to flooding conditions. Studies of recovery plants from flooding conditions remain scarce, especially the extended recovery effects on the shoot of common bean subjected to short-term root flooding.…”