Root form and canal anatomy of maxillary first premolars in a southern Chinese population

Walker, Richard

doi:10.1111/j.1600-9657.1987.tb00614.x

Cited by 48 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There are varying reports from similar Asian studies. Walker and Loh in separate studies done in south-Chinese populations have found that 60% and 50% of their sample had single root [9,10]. Similarly a CBCT (Cone-Beam Computed Tomography) study done by Tian et al in Chinese population has found that 66% of the maxillary first premolars had single root [14][15][16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root Morphology and Tooth Length of Maxillary First Premolar in Nepalese Population

Nisha¹

2015

Dentistry

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routine orthodontic procedure in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences are collected for the study. The tooth immediately after extraction is rinsed with water to clean the blood debris then dipped into 5.2% Sodium Hypochlorite solution for two minutes and stored in 10% formalin until measurements are done. While collecting the teeth, male and female teeth are collected in a separate collection bottles with clearly written labels. Verbal consent is obtained from patient to keep their extracted teeth in hospital. In case the patients who wanted to take their extracted teeth with them, the teeth were given. Teeth with fractured and incompletely formed roots, with open apex and gross malformation are excluded from the study. The root forms were identified as single root, double root, triple root and fused root; described originally by Turner [13] later by Loh [9]. The root and tooth length are measured from mid buccal cemento-enamel junction and tip of buccal cusp to the root apex respectively with the help of a digital caliper (MC 01010157, 150 mm, China). In case of double and triple rooted teeth, the measurement is taken up to the apex of the longest root. Descriptive analysis was done for the root from, tooth and root length. Root length and tooth length were compared between male and female samples by independent t-test. The p-value was kept 0.05 for the level of significance. ResultsThe frequency distribution of the root from, tooth and root length Keywords: Maxillary first premolar; Root form; Root length; Tooth length IntroductionOrthodontic treatment is usually associated with dental extraction and maxillary first premolar teeth are most commonly extracted teeth for this purpose [1][2][3][4][5]. Maxillary premolars are also commonly affected by dental caries which necessitates the need of root canal treatment. These teeth are found to have numerous variations in root form as well as root canal system which is of importance for general dentists as well as endodontists. First premolars being located in between anterior and posterior segment, they resemble with canine and molars in form as well as function [6]. On labial view, maxillary first premolars resemble more closely with maxillary canines where as they resemble the function of molar mostly i.e., grinding and chewing food. In absence of molars, premolars do the function of chewing food particles. However they are also used for tearing the food which is primarily the function of canines. Maxillary first premolars are usually thought to have two roots. However there are numerous racial differences on the root form, number of root and root canal system [7][8][9][10]. Extraction of maxillary first premolar might be difficult, especially when it has two separate roots. In orthodontic practice, therapeutic extraction of these teeth should be performed cautiously. When there is fracture of roots, extreme precaution should be taken to preserve the buccal cortical plate. If prior information about the number and curvature of root i...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maxillary first premolars are usually thought to have two roots. However there are numerous racial differences on the root form, number of root and root canal system [7][8][9][10]. Extraction of maxillary first premolar might be difficult, especially when it has two separate roots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root Morphology and Tooth Length of Maxillary First Premolar in Nepalese Population

Nisha¹

2015

Dentistry

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“…A number of studies have shown different trends in the shape and number of roots and canals among different populations (Walker, 1987(Walker, , 1988aManning, 1990a;Gulabivala et al, 2001Gulabivala et al, , 2002. These variations appear to be genetically determined (Tratman, 1938(Tratman, , 1950Sperber, 1967;Somogyi-Csimazia and Simmons, 1971;Curzon, 1974;Trope et al, 1986;Chaparro et al, 1999;Cleghorn et al, 2007) and are important in tracing the racial origins of populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study of root and canal anatomy has clinical (Vertucci, 1984;Çaliskan et al, 1995;Sert and Bayiril, 2004) and anthropological (Tratman, 1950;Dahlberg, 1965;Walker 1987Walker , 1988aPeiris et al, 2007) significance. A number of studies have shown different trends in the shape and number of roots and canals among different populations (Walker, 1987(Walker, , 1988aManning, 1990a;Gulabivala et al, 2001Gulabivala et al, , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root and canal morphology of human permanent teeth in a Sri Lankan and Japanese population

Peiris

2008

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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of Sri Lankan and Japanese permanent dentition. Two thousand Sri Lankan and 976 Japanese permanent teeth were examined. The number of roots in premolars and molars and the prevalence of C-shaped (gutter shaped) roots in mandibular second molars were recorded. Root canal morphology was studied using a clearing technique. The examination of root canal systems of the teeth was based on Vertucci's classification. A higher prevalence of two-rooted maxillary first premolars was observed in Sri Lankans than in Japanese. Sri Lankan maxillary first and second premolars displayed a higher incidence of two canal and two apical foramina forms than those of Japanese. Canal morphology of mandibular first premolars showed higher occurrence of two canals with type V (1-2) canal configuration in Sri Lankans than in Japanese. In mandibular molars, Japanese presented with a higher incidence of threerooted first molars and one-rooted second molars than Sri Lankans. C-shaped root was seen in 5.7% of Sri Lankan and 18.8% of Japanese second molars examined. In the distal root of mandibular first molars, Japanese showed a higher prevalence of two apical foramina with type IV (2) and additional canal forms than that of Sri Lankans. Japanese mandibular second molars exhibited a higher occurrence of one-root canal forms than that of Sri Lankans. In addition, mandibular incisors and canines of Sri Lankans showed a higher prevalence of two canals with type III (1-2-1) canal form than Japanese. Root and canal morphologies of Japanese and Sri Lankan people are consistent with those of people of East Asian and European (western Eurasia) origin, respectively. In human dentition, the differences of the internal canal morphology are more evident and constant than that of external root morphology among different population groups.

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“…Therefore, a thorough knowledge of the morphology of the teeth and an expectation of their likely variations is paramount to minimize endodontic failure caused by incomplete debridement and obturation (1). Previous studies have shown different trends in the shape and number of roots and canals among populations (2)(3)(4)(5)(6), which appear to be genetically determined (7)(8)(9) and are important for tracing the racial origins of populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-CT Evaluation of Root and Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Premolars with Radicular Grooves

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological features of 70 single-rooted mandibular first premolars with radicular grooves (RG) using micro-CT technology. Teeth were scanned and evaluated regarding the morphology of the roots and root canals as well as length, depth and percentage frequency location of the RG. Volume, surface area and Structure Model Index (SMI) of the canals were measured for the full root length. Two-dimensional parameters and frequency of canal orifices were evaluated at 1, 2, and 3 mm levels from the apical foramen. The number of accessory canals, the dentinal thickness, and cross-sectional appearance of the canal at different root levels were also recorded. Expression of deep grooves was observed in 21.42% of the sample. Mean lengths of root and RG were 13.43 mm and 8.5 mm, respectively, while depth of the RG ranged from 0.75 to 1.13 mm. Mean canal volume, surface area and SMI were 10.78 mm 3 , 58.51 mm 2 , and 2.84, respectively. Apical delta was present in 4.35% of the sample and accessory canals were observed mostly at the middle and apical thirds. Two-dimensional parameters indicated an oval-shaped cross-sectional appearance of the root canal with a high percentage frequency of canal divisions (87.15%). Canal configuration type V (58.57%) was the most prevalent. C-shaped configuration was observed in 13 premolars (18.57%), whereas dentinal thickness ranged from 1.0 to 1.31 mm. Radicular grooves in mandibular first premolars was associated with the occurrence of several anatomical complexities, including C-shaped canals and divisions of the main root canal.

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Root form and canal anatomy of maxillary first premolars in a southern Chinese population

Cited by 48 publications

References 14 publications

Root Morphology and Tooth Length of Maxillary First Premolar in Nepalese Population

Root Morphology and Tooth Length of Maxillary First Premolar in Nepalese Population

Root and canal morphology of human permanent teeth in a Sri Lankan and Japanese population

Micro-CT Evaluation of Root and Canal Morphology of Mandibular First Premolars with Radicular Grooves

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