Rootstock and potassium fertilization, in terms of phenology, thermal demand and chemical evolution, of berries on Niagara Rosada grapevine under subtropical conditions

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effect of rootstocks (IAC 572 and IAC 766) and potassium fertilization at different concentrations (0, 75, 150 and 300 kg•ha -1 K 2 O) on the phenology and thermal demand of the Niagara Rosada grapevine, and to evaluate the development of chemical traits during maturation stage. The length of the main phenological stages was recorded within two production seasons.Total thermal demand was calculated using the degree-day concept. The berries' titratable acidity and soluble solids contents were determined during maturation. Results indicated that IAC 572 and IAC 766 rootstocks along with potassium fertilization had no influence on the phenological cycle or thermal demand of the Niagara Rosada grapevine. The production cycle lasted 144 to 148 days with thermal demands ranging from 1,465.2 to 1,615.1 degree-days. For better grape quality, i.e., with a balance between soluble solids and acidity levels, it is estimated that the grape harvest is carried out around 21 to 24 days after the veraison.

Phytochemical profile of Brazilian grapes (Vitis labrusca and hybrids) grown on different rootstocks

“… Cyanidin 3,5-diglc [ 1 ], delphinidin 3-glc [ 2 ], cyanidin 3-glc [ 3 ], malvidin 3,5-diglc [ 4 ], pelargonidin 3-glc [ 5 ], peonidin 3-glc [ 6 ], malvidin 3-glc [ 7 ], petunidin 3-glc [ 8 ], rutin [ 9 ], isoquercetin [ 10 ], kaempferol [ 11 ], isorhamnetin [ 12 ], myricetin [ 13 ], quercetin [ 14 ], chlorogenic acid [ 15 ], caffeic acid [ 16 ], ρ -coumaric acid [ 17 ], cinnamic acid [ 18 ], trans- resveratrol [ 19 ], gallic acid [ 20 ], (–)-epigallocatechin gallate [ 21 ], (–)-epicatechin gallate [ 22 ]. …”

“…In both, the highest concentration of these compounds was obtained in 'BRS Violeta'; therefore, there was influence of the rootstocks on this variety. VL-766 had a higher TPC than VL-572, i.e., 11.05 and 9.25 mg kg −1 in grape skin, [1], delphinidin 3-glc [2], cyanidin 3-glc [3], malvidin 3,5-diglc [4], pelargonidin 3-glc [5], peonidin 3-glc [6], malvidin 3-glc [7], petunidin 3-glc [8], rutin [9], isoquercetin [10], kaempferol [11], isorhamnetin [12], myricetin [13], quercetin [14], chlorogenic acid [15], caffeic acid [16], ρ-coumaric acid [17], cinnamic acid [18], trans-resveratrol [19], gallic acid [20], (-)-epigallocatechin gallate [21], (-)-epicatechin gallate [22]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275489.g001…”

“…The introduction of Vitis labrusca varieties and new hybrids destined for grape juice making requires further research to evaluate the interactions within scion–rootstock combinations. Previous studies have shown that ‘IAC 766’ rootstock, which is less vigorous than ‘IAC 572’, provides a higher yield [ 21 , 22 ]. However, further studies are needed to characterize the phytochemical compounds in grapes.…”

“…Studies show that rootstocks can significantly influence the bioactive content and antioxidant activity of different grape species [11,[17][18][19]. However, this influence depends on the specific affinity of the scion-rootstock interaction [20,21].…”

Establishment of Potassium Reference Values Using Bayesian Models in Grapevines

“…Thus, K fertilization is necessary. K is one of the important essential elements for vine growth and yield [2] and can therefore influence vine development and grape quality because it plays numerous roles in the physiological processes in plants [3][4][5]. Furthermore, being involved in the sugar transport to the fruits [6] and the excess K + during ripening of the grape due to the increase of K + in the berries leads to a decrease in the must acidity at harvest [7,8].…”