Rootstock-Mediated Effects on Cabernet Sauvignon Performance: Vine Growth, Berry Ripening, Flavonoids, and Aromatic Profiles

Abstract

Rootstocks are widely used in viticulture due to their resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, rootstocks can affect vine growth and berry quality. This study evaluated the effects of eight rootstocks (101-14, 110R, 5A, 5BB, Ganzin 1, Harmony, Riparia Gloire, and SO4) on the vine growth, berry ripening, and flavonoids and aromatic profiles of Cabernet Sauvignon in two consecutive seasons (2015–2016). With few exceptions, minor differences were observed among grafted and own-rooted vines. Own-rooted vines produced the least pruning weight but the highest yield. 101-14, 5BB, and SO4 slightly reduced total soluble solids, but increased acidity, showing tendencies for retarding maturation. Ganzin 1 inhibited the accumulation of flavan-3-ols in berry skins. Furthermore, concentrations and proportions of epicatechin-3-O-galate were decreased by rootstocks, except for 110R. 5A, Harmony, and Riparia Gloire enhanced flavonol concentrations. SO4 slightly decreased most of the individual anthocyanin concentrations. With respect to volatile compounds, 110R, Riparia Gloire, and SO4 induced reductions in concentrations of total esters, whilst 101-14, Ganzin 1, 110R, and 5BB led to increases in the concentrations of C13-norisoprenoids. Therefore, with respect to the negative effects of SO4 on berry ripening and the accumulation of anthocyanin and volatile esters, SO4 is not recommended in practice.

Determination of the Volatile Profile of Lemon Peel Oils as Affected by Rootstock

“…The results indicate that the effect of rootstock on the volatile compounds is a rather complex phenomenon that greatly depends on specific interactions between the rootstock and each particular scion variety. Our results agreed with those reported by Benjamin et al [4] in varieties of mandarins, Seker et al [35] in the fruits of peach, and Wang et al [12] in grapevines and in pistachios [36]-they all noted that rootstocks influenced the concentration and availability of volatiles. This could be explained by the fact that grafted plants generally increase the uptake of water and minerals due to the roots of rootstock or the compatibility of graft and canopy [37].…”

“…The quality of the lemon is highly influenced by the rootstock [10]. Several factors may modify the volatile profile of the lemon, including factors such as rootstock and variety [11][12][13]. Among these factors we can include environment, soil fertility, the content of beneficial microorganisms, the state of immaturity (green color), and unpeeled vs. peeled fruit juice [14][15][16][17].…”

The Effect of Light Intensity on the Expression of Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase in Grapevine Calluses and Analysis of Its Promoter Activity

“…The flavan-3-ol detection method was consistent with that reported by Li et al [ 34 ]. The instruments and configurations involved in the detection of the above components were based on a previous report [ 35 ]. Flavonols and anthocyanins were quantified using quercetin-3- O -glucoside and malvidin-3- O -glucoside as external standards, respectively.…”

Epigenetic Changes and Transcriptional Reprogramming Upon Woody Plant Grafting for Crop Sustainability in a Changing Environment

“…In addition, graft-induced protein-coding RNAs and non-coding small RNAs have been detected in the scion or rootstock of vegetables ( Ren et al, 2018 ; Miao et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019a , b ; Zhang et al, 2019a , b ; Aslam et al, 2020 ; Garcia-Lozano et al, 2020 ; Spanò et al, 2020 ) as well as woody species grafts ( Cookson et al, 2013 ; Corso et al, 2015 ; Kaja et al, 2015 ; Li et al, 2016 ; Chitarra et al, 2017 ; Pagliarani et al, 2017 ). Such graft-induced transcripts have a putative role in graft development, yield, fruit quality of scions and in response to abiotic or biotic factors ( Ren et al, 2018 ; Zhang et al, 2019a , b ; Garcia-Lozano et al, 2020 ; Spanò et al, 2020 ) (described in following sections).…”