Rotavirus incidence and genotype distribution before and after national rotavirus vaccine introduction in Belgium

The Occurrence of Severe Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Children under 3 Years of Age before and after the Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine: a Prospective Observational Study in Three Pediatric Clinics in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan

“…In some of these countries in which these vaccines have been introduced, the number of hospitalizations due to RVGE has dramatically decreased by the direct and herd immunity effects of the vaccination (6,7). Since the review of recent evidence on the efficacy and safety of rotavirus (RV) vaccines, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of RV vaccines in all national immunization programs (8).…”

Group A rotavirus genotypes circulating prior to implementation of a National Immunization Program in Estonia

“…5 Yet, as it has been stated by several authors, only long-term surveillances 7,8,10,27 and phylogenetic analysis of G2P [4] samples from vaccinated and unvaccinated children 28 can determine the true effect of vaccination on G2P [4] strain.…”

“…8 However, G2 genotypes have emerged as the prevailing ones in countries where vaccination with Rotarix has been performed, e.g., Belgium, Brazil and also some states in Australia. [8][9][10] Therefore establishment of current situation, representing the pre-vaccination era, is necessary in Estonia to be able to spot probable vaccine-mediated changes afterwards and take actions as soon as possible.…”

“…Usually the high prevalence of G2P [4] strains has been observed after implementation of RVA vaccines into national immunization programs, e.g., in Australia, Belgium and Brazil. 8,10,17 Subsequently, selective pressure driven by vaccines has been hypothesized, although several aspects contradict the idea. First, there is no convincing evidence that monovalent RVA vaccine does not induce immunity against fully heterotypic G2P [4].…”

Pharmacoeconomic Spotlight on Rotavirus Vaccine RIX4414 (Rotarix™) in Developed Countries

“…Typically, these studies compared various outcomes, such as the numbers of RVGE cases, RVGE-related hospitalizations, and/or emergency department visits, that occurred during the pre-vaccination period with those that occurred during a specific period after widespread or universal introduction of a rotavirus vaccination program. Studies conducted in the Australian state of Queensland [27] and in European countries [28][29][30] involved rotavirus vaccination programs with either the monovalent or pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, whereas studies conducted in the US generally focused only on the pentavalent vaccine (reviewed elsewhere [31,32] ). Rotavirus vaccine RIX4414 was generally well tolerated in clinical trials, with an overall tolerability profile similar to that of placebo.…”