Rotaviruses

Desselberger, Ulrich; Gray, Jim; Estes, Mary K.

doi:10.1002/9780470688618.taw0250

Cited by 5 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Later, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) placed these viruses, having a diameter of 65-70 nm, in genus Rotavirus within the family Reoviridae. Rotaviruses are icosahedral and nonenveloped, with 32 capsomers and 11 segments of ds RNA (16-21 kbp), well protected by an inner and outer capsid layer (Murphy et al 1999;Desselberger et al 2005). The virus has structural proteins located in the core (VP1, VP2, and VP3), inner capsid (VP6) and the outer capsid layer (VP4 and VP7).…”

Section: The Etiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The virus has structural proteins located in the core (VP1, VP2, and VP3), inner capsid (VP6) and the outer capsid layer (VP4 and VP7). VP4 and VP7 proteins generate neutralizing antibodies that protect animals from infections; VP6 is a group specific antigen that is common to all rotaviruses; and VP1, VP2 and VP3, along with other non-structural proteins (NSP), play a key role in viral transcription (Paul and Lyoo 1993;Steele et al 2004;Desselberger et al 2005). The functions of major structural and non-structural proteins of rotaviruses have been identified (Murphy et al 1999;Desselberger et al 2005).…”

Section: The Etiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VP4 and VP7 proteins generate neutralizing antibodies that protect animals from infections; VP6 is a group specific antigen that is common to all rotaviruses; and VP1, VP2 and VP3, along with other non-structural proteins (NSP), play a key role in viral transcription (Paul and Lyoo 1993;Steele et al 2004;Desselberger et al 2005). The functions of major structural and non-structural proteins of rotaviruses have been identified (Murphy et al 1999;Desselberger et al 2005). VP1 is a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; VP2 produces a protein needed for the proper functioning of the VP1; VP3 forms complex with VP1 and have an important role in transcription; VP4, seen in outer capsid as spikes helps the virus to attach to host cells and forms a major virulence factor; VP6, the group specific antigen, have a role in transcription and VP7 provides the protective outer capsid layer.…”

Section: The Etiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, antigenic specificities of rotaviruses have been assessed and they are classified into groups, subgroups and serotypes; immune responses to rotavirus are essentially serotype-specific. The group and sub-group specificity is conferred by VP6 protein, which differentiate the rotaviruses into 7 groups (A to G) and into two subgroups (mainly subgroup I or II) (Steele et al 2004;Desselberger et al 2005). Group A rotaviruses comprises of important pathogens of human beings, cattle and other animals; Group B rarely affect calves, lambs, piglets and human beings; Group C may affect swine and occasionally humans; Group D, F and G can affect poultry and Group E may affect swine (Steele et al 2004;Villarreal et al 2006).…”

Section: The Etiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, there is a serotype-based classification scheme for rotaviruses based on outer capsid proteins VP7 (designated as 'G' as it is glycoprotein) and VP4 (designated as 'P', being a protease sensitive protein) (Steele et al 2004;Desselberger et al 2005). Based on this, rotaviruses affecting domestic animals have been reported to belong to 16 G types and 27 P types (Rao et al 2000;Steele et al 2004;Desselberger et al 2005;Khamrin et al 2007;Gulati et al 2007;Martella et al 2007b). Further, Fukai et al (2007) have demonstrated that there exist group A BRV having novel G and P type specificity, which has not yet been reported among group A rotaviruses.…”

Section: The Etiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals

et al. 2008

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Rotavirus diarrhea is the major cause of death of millions of children in developing countries besides causing economically significant malady in neonates of many domestic animals. In neonates, the infection is non-viremic, have very short incubation period, and manifests profuse diarrhea and severe dehydration. Concurrent infection with secondary pathogens may augment the disease severity. Diarrhea occurs due to virus-mediated destruction of absorption efficient enterocytes, activation of enteric nervous system, or due to a rotavirus enterotoxin. Diagnosis of the infection relies on conventional techniques like isolation in MA 104 cell lines, electron microscopy, electro-pherotyping, and various serological tests. Presently, diagnosis and molecular typing is performed using serotype specific RT-PCR, sequencing or genomic hybridization techniques. As the rotaviruses are known to exhibit extreme genetic diversity and outplay disinfection procedures, eradication of the pathogen is often difficult. Hence, for prevention, good management practices coupled with vaccination of dam for protecting young ones, has to be practiced. Recently, new generation prophylactic strategies including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs) and edible vaccines have been found to induce sufficient levels of passive immunity. Aside to the infection in animals, zoonotic significance of the animal rotaviruses has to be further unearthed. In this review, efforts have been made to highlight the importance and prevalence of the disease in bovines, its pathogenesis along with preventive measures, salient features of rotaviruses and their inter-species transmission abilities, zoonotic implications, and a concise account of the infection in various domestic animals and poultry.

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Section: The Etiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Etiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Etiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Etiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Etiological Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals

et al. 2008

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Group A Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Orphaned Leopardus Tigrinus and Leopardus Pardalis (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) in the Eastern Amazon

Gabriel¹,

Pereira²,

Silva³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Rotaviruses are highly infectious and typically transmitted by fecal-oral route via in the tropics and leading the cause of diarrheal deaths in children of developing countries, besides causing significant economic impacts like neonatal disease agents of domestic animals. This present report aims to present the clinical and diagnostic findings of two confirmed cases of rotavirus (RV) infection in orphaned Leopardus tigrinus (Schreber, 1775) and Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758), the first register of the infection by group A rotavirus in these species. Both felids were rescued in the Pará State Amazon Brazil by the IBAMA (the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources), and treated by veterinarians into intensive care ward in a public Environmental Park of Belém city. After the adaptation period to the quarantine, these animals showed non-specific symptoms of acute fulminant gastroenteritis. Rotavirus group A antigen was identified in blood and faecal samples of L. tigrinus analyzed by immunochromatography (ICG) and immunoassay methods (ELISA) at the Virology Laboratory of the Institute Evandro Chagas. The animals died within few days during the clinical exacerbation unresponsive to current treatment, its necropsies and histopathological analysis were performed in the Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA). Despite the compatible pathologic findings of rotavirus infection in both animals, the atypical hemorrhagic character was a curious finding, considering the presumed etiology.

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An overview of calf diarrhea - infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention

2014

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Calf diarrhea is a commonly reported disease in young animals, and still a major cause of productivity and economic loss to cattle producers worldwide. In the report of the 2007 National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, half of the deaths among unweaned calves was attributed to diarrhea. Multiple pathogens are known or postulated to cause or contribute to calf diarrhea development. Other factors including both the environment and management practices influence disease severity or outcomes. The multifactorial nature of calf diarrhea makes this disease hard to control effectively in modern cow-calf operations. The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding of a) the ecology and pathogenesis of well-known and potential bovine enteric pathogens implicated in calf diarrhea, b) describe diagnostic tests used to detect various enteric pathogens along with their pros and cons, and c) propose improved intervention strategies for treating calf diarrhea.

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Rotaviruses

Cited by 5 publications

References 144 publications

Rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals

Rotavirus diarrhea in bovines and other domestic animals

Group A Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Orphaned Leopardus Tigrinus and Leopardus Pardalis (CARNIVORA: FELIDAE) in the Eastern Amazon

An overview of calf diarrhea - infectious etiology, diagnosis, and intervention

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