Rothia dentocariosa Bacteremia in Children: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Yang, Chen; Hsueh, Po‐Ren; Lu, Chi-Jen; Tsai, Hsiu-Yuan; Lee, Ping–Ing; Shao, Pei-Lan; Wang, Chung‐Yi; Wu, Tsung-Zu; Chen, Shih-Wei; Huang, Li‐Min

doi:10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60364-8

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The bacterium was first isolated from carious dentin (Onishi, ). Since then, the species has been isolated not only from carious dentin but also from a variety of human sources, such as blood, eyes, tonsils, and respiratory organs (Schiff & Kaplan, ; Ohashi et al ., ; Morley & Tuft, ; Yang et al ., ). Among those sources, the bacterium most frequently has been isolated from the oral cavity, especially from dental plaque taken from periodontal patients (Lesher et al ., ).…”

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confidence: 97%

Rothia dentocariosainduces TNF-alpha production in a TLR2-dependent manner

et al. 2013

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Previous work suggested that Rothia dentocariosa is associated with periodontal inflammatory disease. However, little is known about the pathogenicity of this bacterium. To characterize host response to this bacterium, we measured (via ELISA) the amount of TNF-α in the culture supernatant following the stimulation of THP-1 cells (a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line) with R. dentocariosa cells (ATCC14189 and ATCC14190). Exposure to bacterial cells induced the production of TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. The bacterial induction of TNF-α in THP-1 cells was mediated by the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), as demonstrated by gene-specific knockdown via siRNA, which successfully suppressed TLR2 expression and significantly inhibited the production of TNF-α in the culture supernatant. To confirm the role of TLR2, we examined TLR2-dependent NF-κB activation by R. dentocariosa cells in a distinct cell line. Specifically, HEK293 cells were transiently cotransfected with the human TLR2 gene and an NF-κB-dependent luciferase-encoding reporter gene. The bacterial cells induced NF-κB activation in the transfected HEK293 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, bacterial cells failed to induce NF-κB activation in cells transfected with pEF6 control vector. Taken together, these results suggest that R. dentocariosa induces host TNF-α production by a TLR2-dependent mechanism.

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Rothia dentocariosainduces TNF-alpha production in a TLR2-dependent manner

et al. 2013

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“…In particular, R. dentocariosa is involved in the cariogenic process, due to its ability to adhere to tooth surfaces, produce large amounts of acid, and contribute to biofilm formation ( Nishikawara et al, 2007 ). Rothia dentocariosa is also associated with periodontal inflammatory disease ( Kataoka et al, 2013 ) and it may turn up as the unexpected pathogen in serious human infections such as bacteremia, pneumonia, endocarditis, and peritonitis ( Braden et al, 1999 ; Yang et al, 2009 ; Keng et al, 2012 ; Khan et al, 2014 ). Therefore, the pathobiology of dental caries is extremely complex and data from recent molecular microbiological studies have further defined the role of the oral microbiome in the etiology of dental caries.…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro Synergy of Polyphenolic Extracts From Honey, Myrtle and Pomegranate Against Oral Pathogens, S. mutans and R. dentocariosa

et al. 2020

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The increasing incidence rate of oral diseases, the wide spread of antimicrobial resistance, and the adverse effects of conventional antibiotics mean alternative prevention and treatment options are needed to counteract oral pathogens. In this regard, our study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of polyphenolic extracts prepared from acacia honey, myrtle leaves, and pomegranate peel against cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Rothia dentocariosa . The chemical-physical parameters of acacia honey and the RP-HPLC polyphenolic profile of pomegranate peel extract have been previously described in our studies, while the characterization of myrtle extract, performed by HPLC analysis, is reported here. All the extracts were used singly and in binary combinations to highlight any synergistic effects. Moreover, the extracts were tested in association with amoxicillin to evaluate their ability to reduce the effective dose of this drug in vitro. The values of minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations have been used to quantitatively measure the antibacterial activity of the single extracts, while the fractional inhibitory concentration index has been considered as predictor of in vitro anticariogenic synergistic effects. Finally, a time-kill curve method allowed for the evaluation of the bactericidal efficacy of the combined extracts. The microbiological tests suggest that acacia honey, myrtle, and pomegranate extracts are able to inhibit the cariogenic bacteria, also with synergistic effects. This study provides useful and encouraging results for the use of natural extract combinations alone or in association with antibiotics (adjuvant therapy) as a valid alternative for the prevention and treatment of oral infectious diseases.

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“…They can cause several infectious diseases, including gingivitis, periodontitis, and dental caries, that still represent some of the most common chronic diseases, in both children and adults (Nishikawara et al, 2007). In addition, some oral bacterial species can also be responsible for critical infections outside the oral environment, such as bacteremia (Yang et al, 2009), endocarditis (Keng et al, 2012), and peritonitis (Khan et al, 2014). The oral microbiota can act as a reservoir for respiratory pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytocompounds vs. Dental Plaque Bacteria: In vitro Effects of Myrtle and Pomegranate Polyphenolic Extracts Against Single-Species and Multispecies Oral Biofilms

et al. 2020

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In the last decades, resistant microbial infection rate has dramatically increased, especially infections due to biofilm-producing strains that require increasingly complex treatments and are responsible for the increased mortality percentages compared with other infectious diseases. Considering that biofilms represent a key factor for a wide range of chronic infections with high drug tolerance, the treatment of biofilm-causing bacterial infections represents a great challenge for the future. Among new alternative strategies to conventional antimicrobial agents, the scientific interest has shifted to the study of biologically active compounds from plant-related extracts with known antimicrobial properties, in order to also evaluate their antibiofilm activity. In this regard, the aim of this study has been to assess the antibiofilm activity of polyphenolic extracts from myrtle leaf and pomegranate peel against oral pathogens of dental plaque, an excellent polymicrobial biofilm model. In particular, the in vitro antibiofilm properties of myrtle and pomegranate extracts, also in binary combination, were highlighted. In addition to inhibiting the biofilm formation, the tested polyphenolic extracts have been proven to destroy both preformed single-species and multispecies biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis, and Rothia dentocariosa oral isolates, suggesting that the new natural sources are rich in promising compounds able to counteract biofilm-related infections.

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Rothia dentocariosa Bacteremia in Children: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

Rothia dentocariosainduces TNF-alpha production in a TLR2-dependent manner

Rothia dentocariosainduces TNF-alpha production in a TLR2-dependent manner

In vitro Synergy of Polyphenolic Extracts From Honey, Myrtle and Pomegranate Against Oral Pathogens, S. mutans and R. dentocariosa

Phytocompounds vs. Dental Plaque Bacteria: In vitro Effects of Myrtle and Pomegranate Polyphenolic Extracts Against Single-Species and Multispecies Oral Biofilms

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