Roughened Glass Slides and a Spectrophotometer for the Detection of the Wavelength-Dependent Refractive Index of Transparent Liquids

Niskanen, Ilpo; Räty, Jukka; Myllylä, Risto; Sutinen, Veijo; Matsuda, Kiyofumi; Homma, Kazuhiro; Silfsten, P.; Peiponen, Kai–Erik

doi:10.1366/11-06559

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The wavelength-dependent refractive index of pump fluid–diethyl ether was obtained using data from literature. 21,22 The fitting procedure gives the effective evaporating rate of 146 µL/min (notice that α is independent of the wavelength).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This concept is illustrated by the simulated data shown in Figure 1, where light dispersion data of a CaF 2 particle are plotted in dispersion curves from diffusion pump fluid and diethyl ether. 21,22 At first, refractive index matching occurs at shorter wavelengths and the matching wavelength λ m moves towards longer wavelengths as time passes. To find a matching condition, for example in the time domain t = t 1 , the wavelength indicating the maximum transmittance in a spectrum was located as illustrated in Figure 1.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Immersion Liquid Evaporation Method Based on the Dynamic Sweep of Magnitude of the Refractive Index of a Binary Liquid Mixture: A Case Study on Determining Mineral Particle Light Dispersion

2017

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This is a feasibility study of a modified immersion liquid technique for determining the refractive index of micro-sized particles. The practical challenge of the traditional liquid immersion method is to find or produce a suitable host liquid whose refractive index equals that of a solid particle. Usually, the immersion liquid method uses a set of immersion liquids with different refractive indices or continuously mixes two liquids with different refractive indices, e.g., using a pumping system. Here, the phenomenon of liquid evaporation has been utilized in defining the time-dependent refractive index variation of the host liquid. From the spectral transmittance data measured during the evaporation process, the refractive index of a solid particle in the host liquid can be determined as a function of the wavelength. The method was tested using calcium fluoride (CaF) particles with an immersion liquid mixed from diethyl ether and diffusion pump fluid. The dispersion data obtained were consistent with the literature values thus indicating the proper functioning of the proposed procedure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Immersion Liquid Evaporation Method Based on the Dynamic Sweep of Magnitude of the Refractive Index of a Binary Liquid Mixture: A Case Study on Determining Mineral Particle Light Dispersion

2017

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“…regarding the information of the kerosene percentage in the diesel oil) during the field testing of diesel oils in Tanzania by using the hand-held refractometer, stimulated us to develop another and completely different type of a portable optical sensor for fake diesel oil screening. The prototype of a sensor that we suggest in this article is based on the idea that a roughened glass can be used for the identification of liquids, namely using the concept of refractive index matching between the roughened glass and the immersion liquid [19]. For this purpose, we have designed and tested in laboratory conditions a modified sensor head mounted on a commercial hand-held glossmeter [17] (MGM-Devices, Finland).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A prototype of an optical sensor for the identification of diesel oil adulterated by kerosene

Kanyathare

Kuivalainen

Räty

et al. 2018

J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid Publ.

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Background: Liquid fuel adulteration has several far-reaching impacts such as environmental pollution. A widespread practice is typically the adulteration of diesel oil by kerosene. The relatively cheap price of kerosene is probably the most important reason for its usage in illegal adulteration. Herein, we demonstrate the use of a prototype optical sensor for efficient tracking of adulterated diesel oil. Methods: In this study, a prototype of an optical sensor for screening of fake diesel oil is proposed. The device exploits the phenomenon of laser light reflection from a fuel film over a roughened glass plate. The sensing mechanism of the devise is based on the refractive index mismatch between the glass and the fuel sample, and the wetting property of the fuel film over the roughened surface. For the sake of comparison, the refractive index for each of the fuel samples was measured at room temperature with the aid of an automatic temperature controlled Abbe table refractometer. The sensitivity of this prototype optical sensor was tested using training sets of diesel oil samples adulterated with low concentrations of kerosene. Results: Originally, a commercial handheld glossmeter, with a new innovation of a removable sensor head for liquid inspection is presented as a prototype sensor for the screening of possible adulteration of diesel oils with kerosene. The significant difference in the signal readings obtained from carefully prepared training sets of adulterated diesel oil composed of low percentages (5-15%) of kerosene has proven the high sensitivity of the developed sensor. Conclusions: The ability to detect low concentrations of kerosene in diesel using the newly developed hand-held prototype sensor proves its high sensitivity compared to a high-accuracy Abbe refractometer. We envisage that this proposed sensor could, in the future, be made accessible to the authorities as a mobile fake fuel measurement unit.

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“…The traditional instrument for refractive index measurements is the Abbe refractometer, but several alternative methods have also been proposed, see e.g. [13,14] and references therein. A multifunctional spectrophotometer capable of measuring optical properties of both transparent and turbid liquid samples has been reported [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two measurement modes for mobile phone optical sensing

Eriksson

Iqbal

2014

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

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The use of a mobile phone for classification and quantification of liquid samples is described. The screen of the phone is used for controlled illumination and the front side camera for imaging. No additional optical equipment is needed. It is shown that there are different regions of the captured image containing different information about the sample. One region contains light that has been specular reflected at the air-liquid interface and one is dominated by light that has propagated through the liquid. The specular reflected light contains information about the refractive index of the liquid sample whereas the transmitted light contains information about color and absorption. It is found that the specular reflectance increases linearly with increasing refractive index, n, in the range 1.33 < n < 1.38, as expected from the Fresnel equations. A change of the refractive index of about 0.004 refractive units can be detected. The transmitted light intensity is well described by the Beer-Lambert law over a large absorption range. Light from the two different areas of the image is used to analyze several types of liquid samples. It is shown that a combination of the two measurement modes improves the classification abilities of the mobile phone.

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Roughened Glass Slides and a Spectrophotometer for the Detection of the Wavelength-Dependent Refractive Index of Transparent Liquids

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

On the Immersion Liquid Evaporation Method Based on the Dynamic Sweep of Magnitude of the Refractive Index of a Binary Liquid Mixture: A Case Study on Determining Mineral Particle Light Dispersion

On the Immersion Liquid Evaporation Method Based on the Dynamic Sweep of Magnitude of the Refractive Index of a Binary Liquid Mixture: A Case Study on Determining Mineral Particle Light Dispersion

A prototype of an optical sensor for the identification of diesel oil adulterated by kerosene

Two measurement modes for mobile phone optical sensing

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