Routes of Drug Administration

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Pharmacological and Biopharmaceutical Aspects

“…Parenteral routes, on the other hand, allow the delivery of drugs directly to the systemic circulation with no absorptive barriers to overcome or with minimal restrictions, as in the case of the intramuscular and/or subcutaneous route. More than 50% of the lipid nanosystems assayed by parenteral routes (46 out of 81) corresponds to anticancer drugs, a therapeutic field where IV route remains predominant, in spite of its non-negligible negative aspects, such as invasiveness, associated risks, inability to self-manage and higher technological requirements to be manufactured with suitable microbiological quality (Ruiz and Scioli Montoto, 2018).…”

Search for the ideal route of premedication in children.. far from over?

“…The external thigh, vastus lateralis muscle zone which accommodates about 5 ml of drug is recommended in children. [ 28 ] The gluteal zone carries a high risk of nerve damage in children due to reduced muscle development at that age. IM may be a safer route than IV, but complications such as nerve damage, infection, pain, and scar at the site of injection are all possibilities.…”

“…IM may be a safer route than IV, but complications such as nerve damage, infection, pain, and scar at the site of injection are all possibilities. [ 28 ]…”

“…The sublingual route produces rapid onset of action due to high blood and lymphatic flow, the absence of keratinised epithelia in that area. [ 28 ] Additionally, there is a first-pass effect. Palatability of the drug is again a factor by this route.…”

Injectable Lipid-Based Depot Formulations: Where Do We Stand?

“…As the blood perfusion in the s.c. tissue is lower than in the muscles, a s.c. injection will result in a delayed absorption of the drug with respect to an i.m. injection [17]. Targeted, localized drug delivery could be beneficial for diseases affecting only a small, distinct area of the body, resulting in a high local drug concentration but a low systemic concentration, thus reducing systemic side effects and overall toxicity.…”