Routes of transmission and consequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infection and eradication schemes

Peterhans, Ernst; Greenland, T.; Badiola, Juan José; Harkiss, G. D.; Bertoni, Giuseppe; Amorena, B.; Eliaszewicz, M.; Juste, Ramón A.; Krassnig, R; Lafont, Jean-Pierre; Lenihan, Patrick; Pétursson, Gudmundur; Pritchard, G. C.; Thorley, John; Vitu, C.; Mornex, Jean‐François; Pépin, Michel

doi:10.1051/vetres:2004014

Cited by 271 publications

(286 citation statements)

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“…Maedi-Visna Virus (MVV) and the closely related Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus (CAEV) are grouped as Small Ruminant Lentiviruses (SRLV) be- [21,24]). Viral tissue tropism depends on the infecting strain and on the host's genetics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limited knowledge on the mechanisms of MVV-transmission between sheep contrasts with the numerous seroprevalence studies of Maedi-Visna worldwide [14,24], indicating that MVV has been reported from most major sheep producing countries except Australia and New Zealand [12]. Several studies have shown some evidence of breed associated susceptibility or resistance to MVV-infection and disease [8,9,13,23,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extensive rearing hinders Maedi-Visna Virus (MVV) infection in sheep

et al. 2006

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-Maedi-Visna Virus (MVV) seroprevalence and its relationship with housing and mode of rearing of replacement ewe-lambs was investigated in 38 non-randomly selected sheep-flocks in Spain. They included extensive lamb-producing Manchega cross-bred flocks raised almost permanently at pasture, semi-intensive Latxa dairy flocks housed 2-8 months/year and intensively raised Assaf dairy flocks housed most time and at higher stocking density in less ventilated buildings than other flocks. Most flocks raised replacement lambs naturally with their dams until weaning and as a separate flock thereafter until lambing at one year of age. Seroprevalence (95% confidence intervals) was 77%, 25% and 5% (4-6) in intensive, semi-intensive and extensive flocks, respectively and the median (interquartile range) flock-seroprevalence was 82% (66-94) in intensive flocks, 31% (14-31) in semi-intensive flocks and 4% (0-7) in extensive flocks. Seroprevalence was lowest in one year-old sheep and increased to flock levels during the year after introduction into the adult flock in most intensive flocks and more gradually in other flocks. Adult flock seroprevalence was associated with housing time but this relationship was not evident within a particular rearing system, indicating that other unknown factors are critical in horizontal MVV-transmission. Low seroprevalence in extensive flocks further supports previous indications that lactogenic MVV-infection is relatively inefficient and horizontal transmission is necessary to ensure long-term maintenance of MVV and this could explain that MVV has not been reported from countries with mainly extensively reared sheep such as Australia and New Zealand. Moreover, it indicates that MVV-control in extensive and semi-intensive flocks can be simple and inexpensive.Maedi-Visna Virus / sheep / seroprevalence / intensive and extensive rearing / Spain

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive rearing hinders Maedi-Visna Virus (MVV) infection in sheep

et al. 2006

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“…In the sheep mammary gland, little is known on the location and replication of MVV although tissue macrophages have been proposed to be the cells harbouring the virus and responsible for the presence of MVV in milk [8,19,36]. However, ovine mammary epithelial cells (OMEC) can be CAEV targets, at least in vitro [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maedi-visna virus infection of ovine mammary epithelial cells

et al. 2006

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-The aim of this work was to perform a complete study of maedi-visna virus (MVV) infected mammary glands of naturally-infected sheep, and to determine if cells other than macrophages undergo a productive viral infection in this organ. Fifteen seropositive and two seronegative ewes were selected from MVV-infected flocks on the basis of clinical indurative mastitis and three sheep from an MVV-free flock. Within the mammary gland, MVV-positive cells were located by immunohistochemistry in the stroma and the epithelial alveolar barrier, most likely the ovine mammary epithelial cells (OMEC) of the acini. In situ hybridization confirmed these findings. Ultrastructural studies showed the presence of lentivirus-like particles budding off the cell surface in the alveolar barrier and also free in the acinar lumen. The presence of mammary histopathological lesions and MVV together with clear indications of productive infection (demonstration of a cytopathic effect in OMEC cultures and infection of co-cultures) were observed in the 15 seropositive and one of the seronegative sheep from the infected flock. These findings demonstrate that the OMEC were infected in vivo and probably underwent productive infection when studied ex-vivo. The OMEC of MVV-free sheep, which had subsequently been infected in vitro with MVV, also showed productive infection when challenged in vitro, confirming the replication of MVV in OMEC in vitro. The presence of MVV-infected OMEC in the mammary gland from infected animals, the productive infection in these OMEC and the release of lentiviral particles to the acinar lumen may have relevance in the pathogenesis and transmission of MVV infection. maedi-visna / mammary gland / epithelial cells / indurative mastitis / ovine

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“…This virus can lead to sub-clinical inflammation in one or more organs, mainly affecting the joints, nervous system, mammary glands, and respiratory system (BLACKLAWS et al, 2004). Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) has been recorded worldwide (PETERHANS et al, 2004), is mainly found in dairy herds, and has been correlated with economic losses (ANDRIOLI et al, 2006). It is primarily transmitted to newborns via the colostrum; transmission can also occur via aerosol, animal-to-animal contact, and mating (PETERHANS et al, 2004;LE JAN et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ANTI-Lentivirus, Brucella abortus AND B. ovis ANTIBODIES IN SMALL RUMINANTS RAISED IN PERNAMBUCO AND BAHIA

et al. 2016

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-Goat and sheep production in the semi-arid northeast of Brazil has shown great economic potential. However, health problems can compromise the productivity of these animals. Given the scarcity of studies about the occurrence of these diseases, the aim of the present study was to analyze the serological diagnosis of anti-Brucella and anti-lentivirus antibodies among small ruminants in municipalities located in the Brazilian states of Bahia and Pernambuco. The samples were collected from local slaughterhouses and dairy farms. In total, 997 serum samples from animals in slaughterhouses and dairy herds were collected. In order to diagnose the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), the samples underwent agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) testing. The buffered acidified antigen test (goats) and agarose gel immunodiffusion test (sheep) were used to detect anti-Brucella abortus and B. ovis antibodies following the methodology recommended by the Institute of Technology of Paraná (TECPAR). With anti-CAEV antibodies, seropositivity rates of 4.1% and 2.2% were recorded for animals from the slaughterhouses and dairy farms, respectively. None of the animals (goats or sheep) were positive for anti-B. abortus antibodies. With B. ovis, a seropositivity rate of 6.5% (n = 13) was recorded among the 199 sheep serum samples. Results of the present study confirmed the presence of the CAE virus in the meat and dairy herds studied, although the prevalence was low. Natural infection by B. abortus did not occur in the goat and sheep herds assessed. Seropositivity for B. ovis was confirmed, although prevalence was low. Direct tests are required to diagnose ovine brucellosis.Keywords: Brucellosis. CAEV. Goats. Sheep. Serology. ANTICORPOS ANTI-Lentivírus, Brucella abortus E B. ovis EM PEQUENOS RUMINANTES CRIADOS EM PERNAMBUCO E BAHIARESUMO -Alguns problemas de ordem sanitária ainda comprometem a produtividade de caprinos e ovinos. Sendo assim, foi realizado um estudo de diagnóstico sorológico da presença de anticorpos anti-lentivírus e antiBrucella em pequenos ruminantes localizados em municípios dos estados da Bahia e Pernambuco. As coletas foram realizadas em estabelecimentos de abate e em propriedades rurais com produção de leite, totalizando 997 amostras de soro. Para o diagnóstico do CAEV, as amostras foram submetidas ao teste de Imunodifusão em Gel de Agarose (IDGA). Para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Brucella abortus e Brucella ovis, foram utilizadas as técnicas do Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (caprinos) e Imunodifusão em Gel de Agarose (ovinos), utilizando-se antígeno e metodologia recomendada pelo Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná-TECPAR. Na pesquisa de anticorpos anti-CAEV, observou-se uma soropositividade de 4,1 e 2,2% para os animais oriundos de estabelecimentos de abate e de propriedades leiteiras, respectivamente. Quanto à pesquisa de anticorpos anti-B.abortus em caprinos e ovinos, não se observou nenhum animal positivo. Em relação a B. ovis, pesquisada em 199 amostras de soro ovino, obteve-se uma soroposivid...

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Routes of transmission and consequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infection and eradication schemes

Cited by 271 publications

References 114 publications

Extensive rearing hinders Maedi-Visna Virus (MVV) infection in sheep

Extensive rearing hinders Maedi-Visna Virus (MVV) infection in sheep

Maedi-visna virus infection of ovine mammary epithelial cells

ANTI-Lentivirus, Brucella abortus AND B. ovis ANTIBODIES IN SMALL RUMINANTS RAISED IN PERNAMBUCO AND BAHIA

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