Row Cultivation Effects on Runoff, Soil Loss and Corn Grain Yield

Runoff, soil loss and sediment bound total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and Bray P‐1 phosphorus (P) losses were measured corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.)] tillage systems subjected to simulated rainfall. Runoff and soil loss were influenced by contouring and tillage treatment. After 60 min of simulated rainfall, there was little or no runoff or soil erosion from plots which had recently been ridge cultivated along the contour. Soil and nutrient losses from up‐and‐down slope ridge‐till plots were never significantly different than from the conventional tillage treatment. Bray P‐1 P concentration in the top 5 cm of soil and eroded sediment was significantly reduced by moldboard plowing. Concentrations of Bray P‐1 in the eroded sediment tended to decrease as soil loss increased. Bray P‐1 enrichment ratios ranged from 1.69 to 4.5, and were correlated to a greater extent with sediment concentration than with soil loss. The TKN losses were linearly related with soil loss and the average TKN enrichment ratio ranged from 1.02 to 1.28. The TKN enrichment ratio was not significantly correlated with Bray P‐1 enrichment ratio.

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Effects of Tillage and Phosphorus Placement on Phosphorus Runoff Losses in a Grain Sorghum–Soybean Rotation

Kimmell

Pierzynski

Janssen

et al. 2001

J of Env Quality

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Phosphorus enhances eutrophication of fresh water bodies. This study was conducted to determine the influence of tillage and P placement on P losses in runoff water from a somewhat poorly drained soil (Woodson silt loam [fine, smectitic, thermic Abruptic Argiaquoll], 1.0-1.5% slope) in a grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchl-soybean [Glycine mar (L.) Merr] rotation. Chisel-disk-field cultivate (ChT), ridge-till (RT), and no-till (NT) in combination with 0 kg P ha(-1) or 24 kg P ha(-1) broadcast or knifed (applied prior to planting grain sorghum) were studied. Runoff volume and losses of sediment and P were summed over the growing season. Significant interactions between tillage and P placement for soluble P losses were found. For example, soluble P loss in 1999 for NT-broadcast in grain sorghum was 358 g ha(-1); significantly greater than 31 g ha(-1) for NT-knife or 23 g ha(-1) for NT-check. Similar results were found for RT but no such differences were found for ChT. Bioavailable P losses were generally highest with broadcast P placement and for NT and RT. Total P losses were significantly higher at 959 g ha(-1) with broadcast P on grain sorghum in 1998, compared with 521 g ha(-1) for the check and 659 g ha(-1) for the knifed P applications. Total P losses in 1999 for soybeans were only 18 g ha(-1) for NT, which was significantly lower than 75 g ha(-1) for ChT and 66 g ha(-1) for RT. The results indicate that broadcast P applications on RT and NT will increase P losses, but the influence of tillage was not consistent.

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Row Cultivation Effects on Runoff, Soil Loss and Corn Grain Yield

Cited by 3 publications

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Temporal Variation in Runoff and Soil Loss From Simulated Rainfall on Corn and Soybeans

Temporal Variation in Runoff and Soil Loss From Simulated Rainfall on Corn and Soybeans

Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Eroded Sediment from Corn and Soybean Tillage Systems

Effects of Tillage and Phosphorus Placement on Phosphorus Runoff Losses in a Grain Sorghum–Soybean Rotation

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