RPCP‐MAC: Receiver preambling with channel polling MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

Abstract

To design a reliable and energy efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is an active research area due to its variety of applications. There are many issues associated with underwater acoustic channels including long and variable propagation delay, attenuation, and limited bandwidth which pose significant challenges in the design of MAC protocol. The available sender-initiated asynchronous preamble-based MAC protocols for UWSNs are not reliable and energy-efficient. This is due to the problems caused by transmission of preambles for longer duration and collision of preambles from hidden nodes in sender-initiated preamble-based MAC protocols. To resolve these issues, the paper proposed an asynchronous receiver-initiated preamble-based MAC protocol named Receiver Preambling with Channel Polling MAC (RPCP-MAC) protocol for shallow underwater monitoring applications with high data rates. The protocol is proposed to resolve data packet collision and support reliability in an energy-efficient way without using any transmission schedule. The proposed protocol is based on the following mechanisms. Firstly, receiver preambling mechanism is adopted to reduce idle listening. Secondly, channel polling mechanism is used to determine missing data frame during its sleeping period and to minimize the active time of node and reduces energy wastage. Finally, a back-off mechanism is applied to resolve collision when preambles are received simultaneously. In addition, performance analysis through Markov chain together with its validation with simulation-based studies is reported in the paper. Both the analytical and simulation results have demonstrated the reliability achievable with RPCP-MAC while providing good energy efficiency. KEYWORDS energy efficiency, MAC protocol, reliability, RPCP-MAC, underwater sensor networks INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have attracted attention because of their wide range of applications, including disaster prevention, mine reconnaissance, equipment monitoring and control, environmen-RPCP-MAC is an asynchronous receiver initiated preamble based MAC protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks.Int J Commun Syst. 2020;33:e4383.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/dac

A rendezvous point‐based data gathering in underwater wireless sensor networks for monitoring applications

“…The underwater mobile sensor network is dynamically structured and the nodes are moving randomly according to the water component. The wireless nodes have to observe the subaquatic atmosphere like the temperature and direct the gathered data to a sink node (SN) employing a single hop or multiple hops 2 . In the underwater atmosphere, the radio signals encounter the immersion issue and weaken fast.…”

Review of ALOHA-based MAC Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks. (Dept.E. Computer)

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the importance of these applications recently, there has been considerable interest in research analysis and improvement of UWSNs. The main reason for studying these networks is that they can enhance the ocean reconnoitering and meet the needs of multiple underwater applications [1][2][3][4]. UWSNs have protruded to be a master type of system for ocean exploration and vision where underwater sensor networks are used in the detection of underwater oil fields as well as identification of

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