RPE65 of Retinal Pigment Epithelium, A Putative Receptor Molecule for Plasma Retinol-Binding Protein, is Expressed in Human Keratinocytes

Hinterhuber, Gabriele; Cauza, Karla; Brugger, Karin; Dingelmaier-Hovorka, Ruth; Horvat, Reinhard; Wolff, Klaus; Foedinger, Dagmar

doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2004.22216.x

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…Interestingly, we also find rpe65a , well-known to be expressed in RPE, to also be expressed by melanocytes. This is not entirely surprising, as RPE65 is known to be present in keratinocytes, melanocytes, and melanoma, in addition to the RPE [46], [47]. Thus, using this method, cDNA from melanocytes, iridophores, and RPE can be generated concomitantly from thousands of whole zebrafish embryos in a single day.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gene Expression Analysis of Zebrafish Melanocytes, Iridophores, and Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Reveals Indicators of Biological Function and Developmental Origin

2013

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In order to facilitate understanding of pigment cell biology, we developed a method to concomitantly purify melanocytes, iridophores, and retinal pigmented epithelium from zebrafish, and analyzed their transcriptomes. Comparing expression data from these cell types and whole embryos allowed us to reveal gene expression co-enrichment in melanocytes and retinal pigmented epithelium, as well as in melanocytes and iridophores. We found 214 genes co-enriched in melanocytes and retinal pigmented epithelium, indicating the shared functions of melanin-producing cells. We found 62 genes significantly co-enriched in melanocytes and iridophores, illustrative of their shared developmental origins from the neural crest. This is also the first analysis of the iridophore transcriptome. Gene expression analysis for iridophores revealed extensive enrichment of specific enzymes to coordinate production of their guanine-based reflective pigment. We speculate the coordinated upregulation of specific enzymes from several metabolic pathways recycles the rate-limiting substrate for purine synthesis, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, thus constituting a guanine cycle. The purification procedure and expression analysis described here, along with the accompanying transcriptome-wide expression data, provide the first mRNA sequencing data for multiple purified zebrafish pigment cell types, and will be a useful resource for further studies of pigment cell biology.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Gene Expression Analysis of Zebrafish Melanocytes, Iridophores, and Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Reveals Indicators of Biological Function and Developmental Origin

2013

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“…Although RPE65 is highly abundant in the RPE, it is also found in many locations, typically in association with vitamin A metabolism and/or with melanocytes. For instance, RPE65 is also found to be expressed, at mRNA and/or protein levels, in human cones (Tang et al, 2011), bovine ciliary epithelial tissue (Salvador-Silva et al, 2005), mouse hypothalamus (Helfer et al, 2012), and in keratinocytes (Hinterhuber et al, 2004) and melanocytes (Amann et al, 2012) in human skin. In tree shrews, preliminary results comparing differential mRNA expression in RPE with that in choroid have found that mRNA for RPE65 is not differentially regulated after one day of −5 D lens wear, whereas it is significantly up-regulated in the choroid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression signatures in tree shrew choroid during lens-induced myopia and recovery

Frost

Siegwart

et al. 2014

Experimental Eye Research

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Gene expression in tree shrew choroid was examined during the development of minus-lens induced myopia (LIM, a GO condition), after completion of minus-lens compensation (a STAY condition), and early in recovery (REC) from induced myopia (a STOP condition). Five groups of tree shrews (n = 7 per group) were used. Starting 24 days after normal eye-opening (days of visual experience [DVE]), one minus-lens group wore a monocular −5 D lens for 2 days (LIM-2), another minus-lens group achieved stable lens compensation while wearing a monocular −5 D lens for 11 days (LIM-11); a recovery group also wore a −5D lens for 11 days and then received 2 days of recovery starting at 35 DVE (REC-2). Two age-matched normal groups were examined at 26 DVE and 37 DVE. Quantitative PCR was used to measure the relative differences in mRNA levels in the choroid for 77 candidate genes that were selected based on previous studies or because a whole-transcriptome analysis suggested their expression would change during myopia development or recovery. Small myopic changes were observed in the treated eyes of the LIM-2 group (−1.0 ± 0.2 D; mean ± SEM) indicating eyes were early in the process of developing LIM. The LIM-11 group exhibited complete refractive compensation (−5.1 ± 0.2 D) that was stable for five days. The REC-2 group recovered by 1.3 ± 0.3 D from full refractive compensation. Sixty genes showed significant mRNA expression differences during normal development, LIM, or REC conditions. In LIM-2 choroid (GO), 18 genes were significantly down-regulated in the treated eyes relative to the fellow control eyes and 10 genes were significantly up-regulated. In LIM-11 choroid (STAY), 10 genes were significantly down-regulated and 12 genes were significantly up-regulated. Expression patterns in GO and STAY were similar, but not identical. All genes that showed differential expression in GO and STAY were regulated in the same direction in both conditions. In REC-2 choroid (STOP), 4 genes were significantly down-regulated and 18 genes were significantly up-regulated. Thirteen genes showed bi-directional regulation in GO vs. STOP. The pattern of differential gene expression in STOP was very different from that in GO or in STAY. Significant regulation was observed in genes involved in signaling as well as extracellular matrix turnover. These data support an active role for the choroid in the signaling cascade from retina to sclera. Distinctly different treated eye vs. control eye mRNA signatures are present in the choroid in the GO, STAY, and STOP conditions. The STAY signature, present after full compensation has occurred and the GO visual stimulus is no longer present, may participate in maintaining an elongated globe. The 13 genes with bi-directional expression differences in GO and STOP responded in a sign of defocus-dependent manner. Taken together, these data further suggest that a network of choroidal gene expression changes generate the signal that alters scleral fibroblast gene expression and axial elongation rate.

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“…Because the microarray was produced from cDNA libraries derived from chick pineal glands, it is important to point out here that retinaspecific sequences (genes expressed in the retina but not the pineal gland), such as rhodopsin, are not represented here. Nonetheless, several genes associated with visual transduction were analyzed including melanopsin (Opn4) (35) and rod ␥-subunit phosphodiesterase 6 (Pde6) (36) as well as opsins and binding proteins associated with visual cycle function, such as peropsin (Rrh) (37), retinal G-protein-coupled receptor opsin (Rgr) (38), and retinal pigmented epithelium 65 (Rpe65) (39). The mRNA for all of these genes was expressed rhythmically under both LD and DD conditions with the exception of melanopsin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Profiling of Circadian Patterns of mRNA Expression in the Chick Retina

Bailey¹,

Beremand

Hammer

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Previous transcriptome analyses have identified candidate molecular components of the avian pineal clock, and herein we employ high density cDNA microarrays of pineal gland transcripts to determine oscillating transcripts in the chick retina under daily and constant darkness conditions. Subsequent comparative transcriptome analysis of the pineal and retinal oscillators distinguished several transcriptional similarities between the two as well as significant differences. Rhythmic retinal transcripts were classified according to functional categories including phototransductive elements, transcription/translation factors, carrier proteins, cell signaling molecules, and stress response genes. Candidate retinal clock transcripts were also organized relative to time of day mRNA abundance, revealing groups accumulating peak mRNA levels across the circadian day but primarily reaching peak values at subjective dawn or subjective dusk.Comparison of the chick retina transcriptome to the pineal transcriptome under constant conditions yields an interesting group of conserved genes. This group includes putative clock elements cry1 and per3 in addition to several previously unidentified and uninvestigated genes exhibiting profiles of mRNA abundance that varied markedly under daily and constant conditions. In contrast, many transcripts were differentially regulated, including those believed to be involved in both melatonin biosynthesis and circadian clock mechanisms. Our results indicate an intimate transcriptional relationship between the avian pineal and retina in addition to providing previously uncharacterized molecular elements that we hypothesize to be involved in circadian rhythm generation.Circadian biological rhythms are a pervasive property of most multicellular organisms, most eukaryotic microorganisms, and at least some prokaryotic taxa. It has been known for some time that circadian rhythms are genetically determined (1). Circadian traits such as free-running periods () and phase-angle (⌿) to entraining light cycles can be selected for, and mutations for these traits have been identified, leading to the isolation and characterization of molecular clock components (2, 3). In the last 10 -15 years, the mRNA and protein products of many of these "clock genes" have been shown to oscillate with a genotype-specific period, and their protein products have been shown to interact in vitro (4 -7).These rhythmic profiles have suggested a generalized model for circadian rhythm generation that involves the transcription, translation, and feedback of these clock gene products on their own transcription. The proposed interlocking transcriptional/translational feedback loops are comprised of "negative elements" and "positive elements" which interact to drive overt rhythmicity (4 -7). Briefly, the negative elements in mammals are encoded by the period genes (per1-3), cryptochromes (cry1 and -2), and Rev-Erb␣. These are transcribed in response to the dimerization of the positive elements, which include clock (clock) and the Bmals (...

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RPE65 of Retinal Pigment Epithelium, A Putative Receptor Molecule for Plasma Retinol-Binding Protein, is Expressed in Human Keratinocytes

Cited by 23 publications

References 56 publications

Gene Expression Analysis of Zebrafish Melanocytes, Iridophores, and Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Reveals Indicators of Biological Function and Developmental Origin

Gene Expression Analysis of Zebrafish Melanocytes, Iridophores, and Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Reveals Indicators of Biological Function and Developmental Origin

Gene expression signatures in tree shrew choroid during lens-induced myopia and recovery

Transcriptional Profiling of Circadian Patterns of mRNA Expression in the Chick Retina

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