Rubber friction and tire dynamics

Abstract

We propose a simple rubber friction law, which can be used, e.g., in models of tire (and vehicle) dynamics. The friction law is tested by comparing numerical results to the full rubber friction theory (B.N.J. Persson, J. Phys.: Condensed Matter 18, 7789 (2006)). Good agreement is found between the two theories.We describe a two-dimensional (2D) tire model which combines the rubber friction model with a simple mass-spring description of the tire body. The tire model is very flexible and can be used to calculate accurate µ-slip (and the self-aligning torque) curves for braking and cornering or combined motion (e.g., braking during cornering). We present numerical results which illustrate the theory. Simulations of Anti-Blocking System (ABS) braking are performed using two simple control algorithms.

Theory of viscoelastic lubrication

“…It involves contact mechanics between rough surfaces, and polymer dynamics of compliant bodies, and it occurs in a remarkably wide range of applications such as tire-road contact [1], rubber sealing [2,3] and wiper blades contacts [4], in the mechanics of biological interfaces [5,6] and, consequently, of bio-inspired (e.g. adhesives [7]) and bio-medical devices (e.g.…”

Study of effective parameters on wear behavior of rubbers based on statistical methods

“…It has been known that part of the frictional work during the wear converts to the heat energy, in addition to providing the required energy for tearing the sample and material's removal from the surface, and it is revealed in the form of increased surface temperature . It affects the friction, wear, and the dependence of the rubbers' friction to the normal load stress . Two parameters contribute to the friction of rubbers, in the form of adhesion and hysteresis friction.…”

“…35,42 It affects the friction, wear, and the dependence of the rubbers' friction to the normal load stress. 12,13,26,43 Two parameters contribute to the friction of rubbers, in the form of adhesion and hysteresis friction. While the adhesion component is responsible for the friction of elastomers, the deformation mechanism involves complete dissipation of energy in the contact area.…”

“…There is evidence that heat alone may not be sufficient enough to cause degradation during abrasion at low sliding speeds (lower than 0.001 m/ s) as the generated heat has enough time to disappear from the contact asperities. In case the sliding velocity is more than 0.001 m/s, the role of frictional heating on the overall wear process cannot be excluded 11 because the generated heat reduces sliding friction [12][13][14] and its magnitude depends on several factors such as the type of sliding and test geometry. 15 The tribological behavior of materials is affected by operating variables such as applied load, sliding distance, abrasives, and counterpart texture.…”

Modeling Braking Friction Between an Aircraft Tire and the Runway

“…As a first step, we will use the Full Theory developed by Persson 435 with the eventual goal to use Persson's simpler 'Phenomenological Rubber Friction Law developed in (5). This law takes the form shown below and permits us to calculate the friction force generated in the sliding zone of the tire-runway contact zone as a function of time, temperature, velocity and runway texture.…”