Rubber tapper identities: Political-economic dynamics, livelihood shifts, and environmental implications in a changing Amazon

Gomes, Carlos Valério Aguiar; Vadjunec, Jacqueline M.; Perz, Stephen G.

doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.09.005

Cited by 53 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Such findings mirror recent ethnographic studies across the basin, suggesting that smallholders are shifting from subsistence agriculture to a pasture-based farming system [10,25,26]. Even traditional groups that originally engaged in extractive activities, such as the rubber tappers in the Chico Mendes reserve, have instead opted for cattle ranching [17].…”

Section: Cattle and Agrarian Reformsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Along with cattle expansion, pasture increased from 0.7 percent of the total region in 1970 to 10 percent by 2004 [14]. Implicated in this process is deforestation, since more than 80 percent of cleared areas in the Brazilian Amazon are dedicated to pasture formation [10,[15][16][17].…”

Section: Cattle and Agrarian Reformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the SPs of Southeastern Pará, a multiplicity of factors potentially affect the switch from subsistence agriculture to cattle ranching, including the availability of credit and strong economic returns stemming from the global demand for beef [2,12,17]. Within the region, many smallholders started ranching in order to produce milk for home consumption and to sell to local micro-industries.…”

Section: Emergent Production Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smallholders, Agrarian Reform, and Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon: Cattle versus the Environment

Pereira

Simmons

Walker

2016

Land

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Smallholder farming in the Brazilian Amazon has changed markedly over the last few decades, following a pervasive swing to cattle production observed across the basin. These changes have brought opportunities for accumulating a modicum of wealth that were not available in the early stages of colonization. At the same time, they have reconfigured livelihood systems away from diversified agriculture to a strong engagement with the cattle economy. They are also exposing smallholders to new forms of exploitation by transnational corporations, seeking to pass risk upstream to less powerful economic agents who provide inputs to production, such as calves. The case of Southeastern Pará provides a natural laboratory for investigating such phenomena, which the article considers through the presentation of data from field research conducted in the region over the past decade. Here, agrarian reform efforts have been particularly intense, and social movements have often espoused a green rhetoric in favor of diversified agriculture, even though smallholders show little interest in anything but cattle. Household level incentives promote Amazonia's emergent cattle economy, demonstrating how global production networks have reached into the basin, where production relations between smallholders provisioning calves to large ranching operations often resemble what has been referred to in the literature as "contract farming" land grabs, given the exploitive terms of trade.

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Section: Cattle and Agrarian Reformsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Cattle and Agrarian Reformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emergent Production Chainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smallholders, Agrarian Reform, and Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon: Cattle versus the Environment

Pereira

Simmons

Walker

2016

Land

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“…A pecuária é uma atividade com um produto mais fácil de vender e traz garantias de segurança para o produtor, e isso não acontece com o extrativismo, que tem preços muito baixos no mercado (Gomes;Vadjunec;Perz, 2012). Moradores elevam o desmatamento por meio de atividades de pecuária e agricultura.…”

Section: Efeitos Da Pecuária Nas Resex Da Amazôniaunclassified

Reservas Extrativistas Na Amazônia: Modelo Conservação Ambiental E Desenvolvimento Social?

Freitas¹,

Mathis²,

Filho³

et al. 2017

GEOgraphia

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Fizemos uma demarcação da fronteira de conhecimento sobre reservas extrativistas como modelo de política de conservação ambiental e desenvolvimento social. O objetivo foi de levantar a produção científica sobre temas relacionados a biodiversidade, ao extrativismo, a produção, ao turismo e a relação do Estado com os moradores das reservas. A revisão se desenvolve a partir de quatro questões sobre os desafios das RESEX para a Amazônia. Como procedimento de identificação, seleção e inclusão dos trabalhos publicados sobre o tema foi adotado o Modelo PRISMA. Para isso foram utilizadas duas bases de textos nacionais e 11 bases internacionais, com combinação de palavras-chave extractive, reserve e Brazil, durante os meses de maio e junho de 2016. Aqui, concluímos que conservação e desenvolvimento não estabeleceram aliança porque o modelo de gerenciamento do Estado é ineficiente, e as populações locais exploram a floresta para atendimento de necessidades básicas, na expectativa de garantir alimentação e o mínimo de serviços sociais.

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“…Such analyses, however, do not give due recognition to the complex adaptive processes determining the use and management of natural resources by this peasantry. This complexity can be seen, for example, in the contextualization of multiple connections involved in "ranching" at the extractive reserves in the Brazilian state of Acre (GOMES et al, 2011;PANTOJA et al, 2010;VADJUNEC et al, 2009) and in colonist areas in the Transamazon region (GOMES et al, 2012;PERZ, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social identity, local knowledge and adaptive management by traditional communities of the babassu region in Maranhão

Porro

2015

Ambient. soc.

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This paper examines productive strategies of traditional communities, which integrate agriculture and extractive activities in secondary forests of babassu palm in the Mearim Valley, Maranhão State. Underscoring the adaptive nature of agroextractivist practices, the analysis contributes to demystify dichotomies associated with peasant mode of production with regard to the apparent resistance of these communities to livestock. The article examines interpretations, choices and practices in the incorporation of livestock by these farmers. We highlight the need to contextualize the multiple connections involved in the integration of productive activities in complex environmental systems, which in turn redefine the ways in which resource users delimit patterns of perception and management of the natural environment.

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Rubber tapper identities: Political-economic dynamics, livelihood shifts, and environmental implications in a changing Amazon

Cited by 53 publications

References 23 publications

Smallholders, Agrarian Reform, and Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon: Cattle versus the Environment

Smallholders, Agrarian Reform, and Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon: Cattle versus the Environment

Reservas Extrativistas Na Amazônia: Modelo Conservação Ambiental E Desenvolvimento Social?

Social identity, local knowledge and adaptive management by traditional communities of the babassu region in Maranhão

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