Rubber‐toughening epoxy thermosets with epoxidized crambe oil

Raghavachar, R.; Letasi, R. J.; Kola, P. V.; Chen, Z.; Massingill, John L.

doi:10.1007/s11746-999-0033-3

Cited by 48 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A similar reaction between C=O of EPO and amine of m-XDA as shown to occur will reduce the stoichiometric ratio further and consequently lower the crosslink density of modified epoxy system. The decreasing in tensile strength and modulus were also reported in epoxy systems modified with epoxidized crambe oil (ECO), linseed oil [22] and epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) [23,24]. The reduced mechanical properties of ESO modified epoxy is attributed to the plasticizing effect of ESO and the presence of low modulus rubbery phases in the epoxy matrix.…”

Section: Tensilementioning

confidence: 84%

Blending of Epoxidised Palm Oil with Epoxy Resin: The Effect on Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties

2012

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Epoxy resin prepared by the reaction of a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and m-xylylenediamine (m-XDA) was modified with 10% wt of epoxidized palm oil (EPO). The EPO was first pre-polymerized with m-XDA at various temperatures and reaction times. The resulting product was then mixed with the epoxy resin at 40°C and allowed to react at 120°C for another 3 h. The fully reacted DGEBA/m-XDA/EPO blend was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis, tensile test, hardness indentation and dynamic mechanical analysis. The SEM study shows that different types of morphology, ranging from phase separated to miscible blends were obtained. A miscible blend was obtained when the m-XDA and EPO were reacted for more than 2 h. The results from DSC analysis show that the incorporation of EPO at 10% wt in the epoxy blend reduced the glass transition temperature (T g ). The lowered T g and mechanical properties of the modified epoxy resins are caused by a reduction in crosslinking density and plasticizer effect.

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Section: Tensilementioning

confidence: 84%

Blending of Epoxidised Palm Oil with Epoxy Resin: The Effect on Morphology, Thermal and Mechanical Properties

2012

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“…at rubber loadings ranging from 0 to 20%. 21,38,39 Furthermore, cured DGEDP-Me/NC-514 in a 1:1 weight ratio is tougher than BPA epoxies where extension of the molecular weight between cross-links was achieved using BPA chain extenders. 40 Moreover, the impact strength of cured DGEDP-Me/NC-514 epoxy resins and those that use rubber toughening show similar trends as there is an optimal concentration of NC-514 and rubber particles, respectively, to achieve maximal toughening.…”

Section: Green Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18 Rubber toughening, also known as phase separation toughening, involves incorporation of a rubbery phase within cured epoxy resins. The rubbery phase is derived from additives such as lowmolecular-weight rubbers, 19 diblock copolymers, 20 epoxidized vegetable oils 21 and low-molecular-weight glycidyl ethers. 22 Phase separation toughening can reduce crack propagation when the majority of the stress can be transferred to the rubbery phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based epoxy resin toughening with cashew nut shell liquid-derived resin

Maiorana

Ren

et al. 2015

Green Materials

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IntroductionEpoxy resins are building blocks used to form a versatile class of thermoset polymers. They can be cured under a wide range of conditions and exist as solids or liquids at room temperature. Liquid epoxy resins are ideal for manufacturing large one-piece structural composites such as wind turbine blades and car frames.1 Higherviscosity liquid epoxy resins also find uses as structural adhesives for wind turbine blades, car frames and electronics. Aside from composites, liquid and solid epoxy resins also find a wide variety of uses as protective coatings due to their anticorrosive nature and good adhesion to metal substrates.2 Epoxy resins can be designed such that after curing they result in thermosets with high modulus and glass transition temperatures. However, these thermosets may possess low impact resistance and brittle fracture. Bisphenol A (BPA) and, subsequently, the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), is currently used for the preparation of a versatile family of high-performance cured epoxy resins.

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“…To overcome this drawback, vegetable oils based bio-resins have been reported as successful toughening agents due to their reduced viscosity and renewability [2][3][4]. However the enhancement of toughness is achieved with the deterioration of their mechanical and thermal properties [3][4][5][6][7]. Therefore, it is essential to develop an efficient composite material with stiffness-toughness balance and better resistance to thermal degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%