Rumen Ciliate Composition and Diversity of Japanese Beef Black Cattle in Comparison with Those of Holstein-Friesian Cattle.

Microbial Eco-system of the Gastro-intestinal Tract of Wild Herbivorous Animals

“…A new species belonging to the genus Eiztodiizium, Entodiiziuin monuon was found in all the areas Entodinium was the most predominant ciliate (51.9-61.0%) with -otal ciliate densities estimated as 105/ml. However, these values were lower than those reported in domestic cattle and buffaloes kept in Korea (Han, 1984), Japan (It0 and Ito et al, 1994) and in India (Chaudhary et al, 2000). The proportion of this genus rises when the host animal is fed on protein and carbohydrate rich ration (hungate, 1966).…”

Rumen ciliate biota of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758) in Kastamonu, Turkey

“…rostratum (Fiorentini, 1889) 83.3 5.6 ± 3.0 0-8. (Dogiel, 1928) 66.7 2.9 ± 2.3 0-5.3 Ostracodinium 50 1.7 ± 2.3 0-5.6 O. gracile (Dogiel, 1925) 16.7 0.5 ± 1.4 0-3.3 O. mammosum (Railliet, 1890) 16.7 0.3 ± 0.7 0-1.8 O. munham Ito et al, 1994 16.7 0.6 ± 1.5 0-3.8 O. trivesiculatum Kofoid and MacLennan, 1932 16.7 0.3 ± 0.6 0-1.5…”

“…The identification and classification of species was based on descriptions from studies by Dogiel (1927Dogiel ( , 1928, Das-Gupta (1935), Ogimoto and Imai (1981), Imai (1990, 2003), Ito et al (1994), and Lynn (2008).…”

Rumen ciliate fauna (Ciliophora, Protista) of Turkish domestic goats living in İzmir, Turkey

“…The selection of particular foods and the quantities eaten by different ruminant species are important factors in establishing fauna composition (Dehority, 1974;Ito et al, 1993;. In hosts consuming high-concentrate diets, both the percentage of entodiniid species and their total density became higher (Hungate, 1966;Ito et al, 1994). It has mostly been accepted, but not proven, that the Entodinium-only fauna is the result of an either an extremely low pH, a rapid rate of passage of fluid and particulate matter through the rumen, ingestion of specific toxic or inhibitory substances, or a combination of all these factors (Hungate, 1966;Wilkinson and Van Hoven, 1976;Dehority 1990Dehority , 1995.…”