Rumen ciliates in the African (Cape) buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) living in the vicinity of the Orpen Gate entrance into Kruger National Park, South Africa

Booyse, Dirk G.; Dehority, Burk A.; Reininghaus, Bjorn

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3846.1.8

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Franzolin and Dehority (2010) reported that long periods at low ruminal pH are harmful to ciliate protozoa survival. The protozoal population is driven by several factors, like diet (Booyse et al, 2014) and ruminal pH. Animals receiving diets with more concentrate usually present ruminal pHs ranging from 5.5 to 6.2, and those receiving diets rich in roughage have values between 6.3 and 7.0.…”

Section: Levels Of Crambe Cake (G/kg Dm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crambe cake protein as a replacement for soybean meal protein: Intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters in lamb diets

Poveda-Parra¹,

Pereira²,

Prado-Calixto³

et al. 2023

SA J. An. Sci.

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The objective was to evaluate different levels of crambe cake protein (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 g/kg of DM) to replace soybean meal protein on the intake, apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC), blood glucose, ruminal fermentation, and protozoal population in lambs. Two experiments were performed. In experiment one, 40 crossbred male lambs weighing 20 ± 3.45 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, to study intake and ruminal parameters. In experiment two, 25 crossbred male lambs weighing 23.44 ± 1.04 kg were used to study digestibility. The intake of dry matter and total carbohydrate (TC) (kg/lambs/day and g/kg0.75), crude protein (kg/lambs/day) and final body weight decreased with increase of crambe cake protein as a replacement for soybean meal protein, while e t h e r e x t r a c t ( EE) intake (kg/lambs/day and g/kg0.75) increased. The ADC of EE presented a positive linear effect and the ADC of TC and non-fibrous carbohydrates presented a negative linear effect. There was no interaction within treatments and collection period (0, 3, 6 and 9 h) on ruminal fluid characteristics. Blood glucose presented a quadratic effect for levels of crambe cake protein in diets (max. P = 35.18%), and linear increase for collection period. Ruminal pH showed a quadratic effect for sampling hours (max. P = 5.43 h). For protozoa evaluation, the total amount, Entodinium, and Eudiplodium presented linear decreasing effects with treatment, while Isotricha, Eudiplodium, Ostracodinium and the total amount of protozoa had a linear decrease with sampling hours. Soybean meal protein can be replaced by crambe cake protein at up to 250 g/kg DM.

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Section: Levels Of Crambe Cake (G/kg Dm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crambe cake protein as a replacement for soybean meal protein: Intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters in lamb diets

Poveda-Parra¹,

Pereira²,

Prado-Calixto³

et al. 2023

SA J. An. Sci.

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A review of wildlife tourism and meta-analysis of parasitism in Africa’s national parks and game reserves

2018

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The recent increase of parasitic diseases associated with wildlife tourism can be traced to human contact with wildlife and intense modification of wildlife habitat. The continental estimates of parasitic diseases among visited wildlife-tourists and mammalian wildlife present in conservation areas are lacking; therefore, a general review was necessary to provide insights into Africa's parasitic disease burden and transmission between humans and wildlife. A two-step analysis was conducted with searches in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science and Global Health. All diseases reported without prevalence were grouped and analysed as categorical data while meta-analysis of prevalence rates of parasitic diseases in wildlife from national parks and reserves in Africa was conducted. Only 4.7% of the tourist centres reported routine wildlife diagnosis for parasitic diseases. Disease intensity shows that cryptosporidiosis and seven other parasitic diseases were observed in both human and wildlife; however, no significant difference in intensity between human and wildlife hosts was observed. Schistosomiasis intensity reports showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) while entamoebiasis showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in humans as compared to wildlife. Visiting tourists were more infected with malaria, while wildlife was more infected with parasitic gastroenteritis (PGE). The meta-analysis of wildlife revealed the highest prevalence of PGE with mixed parasites and lowest prevalence of Giardia spp. at 99.9 and 5.7%, respectively. The zoonotic and socioeconomic impact of some of these parasites could pose a severe public threat to tourism. Pre- and post-travel clinical examinations are important for tourists while routine examination, treatment and rational surveillance are important for these animals to improve wildlife tourism.

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Use of antimicrobial peptides as a feed additive for juvenile goats

Liu

Yao

Chen

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Although antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been used as feed additives, only a few studies have examined their use in ruminants. In this study, we evaluated the use of AMPs(recombinant swine defensin and a fly antibacterial peptide were mixed by 1:1) as a medicated feed additive for juvenile goats. Dietary treatments included control groups (group I: 300 g concentrate; group III: 600 g concentrate), and AMP-supplemented groups (group II: 300 g concentrate + 3.0 g AMPs; group IV: 600 g concentrate + 3.0 g AMPs). AMP-treated groups exhibited an increase in bacterial genera, including Fibrobacter, Anaerovibrio, and Succiniclasticum, and the ciliate genus Ophryoscolex; as well a reduction in bacterial genera, such as Selenomonas, Succinivibrio, and Treponema, and the ciliate genera Polyplastron, Entodinium, and Isotricha. The changes in Fibrobacter, Anaerovibrio, Ophryoscolex, Polyplastron, Entodinium, and Isotricha were related to the concentrate. AMP treatment led to increased body weight, average daily weight gain, enzymatic activity (pectinase, xylanase, and lipase), especially in the normal concentrate group, and influence on ruminal fermentation function. In addition, goats treated with AMPs had higher rumen microorganism diversity indices than the control groups. Our results demonstrate that AMPs can be utilized as feed additives for juvenile goats.

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Rumen ciliates in the African (Cape) buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) living in the vicinity of the Orpen Gate entrance into Kruger National Park, South Africa

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Crambe cake protein as a replacement for soybean meal protein: Intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters in lamb diets

Crambe cake protein as a replacement for soybean meal protein: Intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters in lamb diets

A review of wildlife tourism and meta-analysis of parasitism in Africa’s national parks and game reserves

Use of antimicrobial peptides as a feed additive for juvenile goats

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