Ruminant Livestock Production System Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change: A Review

Abstract

Climate change affects ruminant livestock production systems through direct impacts on animal physiology and production, while indirectly through feed availability, water availability composition, and quality. These impacts may be positive or negative and will vary across geographical regions, animal species, and adaptive capacity. The ruminant animal productions have several adaptive mechanisms to maintain homeostasis through behavioral, physiological, and morphological. The Potential adaptation strategies involve land-use decisions, animal feeding changes, genetic manipulation, breeding, and species improvement, and alteration. Integrated livestock-crop production systems can reduce impact, and increase productivity, diversify production, and enhance resiliency ruminant livestock productions. So, adaptation strategies of ruminant livestock's productions have ability to survive, and reproduce in the conditions of poor nutrition, parasites, and diseases, as well as their tolerance to heat. Pastoral Mobility was a survival and resource management strategy commonly practiced by herder societies for increased adaptability to climate changes. Ruminant livestock is also an important component of all farming systems and provide draught power, milk, meat, manure, hides, skins, and other products for most countries. A review of this seminar paper was prepared on the adaptation of the ruminant livestock production system strategies to climate change. Effective adaptation strategies to minimize negative impacts on ruminant production systems due to climate change will need to be multi-dimensional.

Pumpkin seed oil–supplemented diets promoted the growth productivity, antioxidative capacity, and immune response in heat-stressed growing rabbits

“…The value of animal products is primarily determined by their capability to deliver more than 17% and 33% of total global kilocalorie and protein consumption, respectively (Rosegrant et al 2009 ). Sudden climate change, competitive demand for land and water, and security of feed ingredient and water at a time when it is most required are all predicted to have a negative influence on livestock productivity (Hassen and Dawid 2021 ; Naiel et al 2022 ). Meanwhile, the main four pathways described the most likely risks of climate change on farm animal health and production are diseases and stress related to high temperatures, tremendous weather regulation, the accumulation of animal production to new environments, and outbreaks of infectious diseases, particularly vector-borne diseases that are primarily reliant on environmental and climatic factors (Rojas-Downing et al 2017 ).…”