Running profiles of recreational distance runners: race, training, spatiotemporal and anthropometrical characteristics

Bonnaerens, Senne; Fiers, Pieter; Galle, Samuel; Derie, Rud; Aerts, Peter; Frederick, Edward C.; Kaneko, Yasunori; Kogawa, Daisuke; Shimana, Takatsugu; Segers, Veerle; Derave, Wim; Clercq, Dirk De

doi:10.1080/19424280.2019.1606093

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Importantly, our study noted that age, height, mass, and weekly running hours did not significantly differ between sensing and intuition runners ( p ≥ 0.07), removing potential confounding variables in our analysis [ 37 , 38 ]. However, it is worth noting that further investigations could explore whether differences in lower limb anatomy, such as tendon length or heel structure, might contribute to these observed biomechanical distinctions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mind to move: Differences in running biomechanics between sensing and intuition shod runners

Gindre,

Patoz,

Breine

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Delving into the complexities of embodied cognition unveils the intertwined influence of mind, body, and environment. The connection of physical activity with cognition sparks a hypothesis linking motion and personality traits. Hence, this study explored whether personality traits could be linked to biomechanical variables characterizing running forms. To do so, 80 runners completed three randomized 50-m running-trials at 3.3, 4.2, and 5m/s during which their running biomechanics [ground contact time (tc), flight time (tf), duty factor (DF), step frequency (SF), leg stiffness (kleg), maximal vertical ground reaction force (Fmax), and maximal leg compression of the spring during stance (ΔL)] was evaluated. In addition, participants’ personality traits were assessed through the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test. The MBTI classifies personality traits into one of two possible categories along four axes: extraversion-introversion; sensing-intuition; thinking-feeling; and judging-perceiving. This exploratory study offers compelling evidence that personality traits, specifically sensing and intuition, are associated with distinct running biomechanics. Individuals classified as sensing demonstrated a more grounded running style characterized by prolonged tc, shorter tf, higher DF, and greater ΔL compared to intuition individuals (p≤0.02). Conversely, intuition runners exhibited a more dynamic and elastic running style with a shorter tc and higher kleg than their sensing counterparts (p≤0.02). Post-hoc tests revealed a significant difference in tc between intuition and sensing runners at all speeds (p≤0.02). According to the definition of each category provided by the MBTI, sensing individuals tend to focus on concrete facts and physical realities while intuition individuals emphasize abstract concepts and patterns of information. These results suggest that runners with sensing and intuition personality traits differ in their ability to use their lower limb structures as springs. Intuition runners appeared to rely more in the stretch-shortening cycle to energetically optimize their running style while sensing runners seemed to optimize running economy by promoting more forward progression than vertical oscillations. This study underscores the intriguing interplay between personality traits of individuals and their preferred movement patterns.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Mind to move: Differences in running biomechanics between sensing and intuition shod runners

Gindre,

Patoz,

Breine

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Grounded running is generally not a spontaneous running pattern in humans, likely due to our upright posture in comparison to other animals. However, 16% of participants in a large-scale, open marathon 11 and 33% of participants in a 5 km recreational running event 22 used a grounded running technique at a relatively slow speed (ie, 1.52–2.88 m·s −1 ). Older adults 12 22 23 and women with a higher body mass index (BMI) 11 12 22 24 may more readily adopt a grounded running technique due to their slower running speed and lower vertical displacement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics, energetics and implementation of grounded running technique: a narrative review

Davis

Fox

Bonacci

et al. 2020

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med

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Grounded running predominantly differs from traditional aerial running by having alternating single and double stance with no flight phase. Approximately, 16% of runners in an open marathon and 33% of recreational runners in a 5 km running event adopted a grounded running technique. Grounded running typically occurs at a speed range of 2–3 m·s−1, is characterised by a larger duty factor, reduced vertical leg stiffness, lower vertical oscillation of the centre of mass (COM) and greater impact attenuation than aerial running. Grounded running typically induces an acute increase in metabolic cost, likely due to the larger duty factor. The increased duty factor may translate to a more stable locomotion. The reduced vertical oscillation of COM, attenuated impact shock, and potential for improved postural stability may make grounded running a preferred form of physical exercise in people new to running or with low loading capacities (eg, novice overweight/obese, elderly runners, rehabilitating athletes). Grounded running as a less impactful, but metabolically more challenging form, could benefit these runners to optimise their cardio-metabolic health, while at the same time minimise running-related injury risk. This review discusses the mechanical demands and energetics of grounded running along with recommendations and suggestions to implement this technique in practice.

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Personality in motion: How intuition and sensing personality traits relate to lower limb rebound performance

Gindre,

Patoz,

Breine

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Embodied cognition asserts a symbiotic relationship between cognitive processes and the physical body, raising an intriguing question: could personality traits be intertwined with the biomechanical performance of the lower limb? This study aimed to explore this connection by examining how personality traits, assessed using the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), relate to lower limb rebound power (RP) measured through the five-repetition rebound jump test. Eighty participants completed two sessions: a biomechanical analysis of hopping using an Optojump® system to measure contact time, flight time, and RP, and a personality traits assessment categorizing traits across four MBTI axes: extraversion-introversion (favorite world); sensing-intuition (information processing preference); thinking-feeling (decision making); and judging-perceiving (structure). Participant characteristics did not significantly differ across MBTI axes (p≥0.07), minimizing potential confounding factors. Notably, individuals classified as intuitive showed significantly longer flight times (p = 0.02) and larger RP (p = 0.007) compared to sensing individuals, suggesting a greater reliance on the fast stretch-shortening cycle and showcasing superior use of their lower limb structures as springs. This suggests potential implications for sports performance, with intuition individuals possibly excelling in plyometric sports. However, no significant associations were found between biomechanical performance and the other three MBTI axes (p≥0.12), challenging the initial hypothesis. This research provides initial insights into the nuanced relationship between personality traits and movement patterns, indicating the potential for tailored physical interventions to enhance adherence and optimize responses in training programs.

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Running profiles of recreational distance runners: race, training, spatiotemporal and anthropometrical characteristics

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Mind to move: Differences in running biomechanics between sensing and intuition shod runners

Mind to move: Differences in running biomechanics between sensing and intuition shod runners

Mechanics, energetics and implementation of grounded running technique: a narrative review

Personality in motion: How intuition and sensing personality traits relate to lower limb rebound performance

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