Runoff losses of cyanazine and metolachlor: effects of soil type and precipitation timing

Shaw, David R.; Schraer, Stephen M.; Prince, Joby M.; Boyette, Michele; Kingery, William L.

doi:10.1614/ws-05-095r1.1

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Herbicide leaching in the soil is governed by several factors, such as soil structure and characteristics, chemophysical properties of herbicides, and the effects of climatic conditions and tillage methods , . Among climate conditions the effects of rain and irrigation on herbicide leaching have been widely explored , . For example, heavy rain intensities and high irrigation frequencies have been found to enhance the migration of metolachlor (MTC) in sandy soil .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soil Wetting and Drying Cycles on Metolachlor Fate in Soil Applied as a Commercial or Controlled-Release Formulation

Goldreich¹,

Goldwasser

Mishael³

2010

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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A controlled-release formulation (CRF) has been developed for metolachlor, which reduced its leaching in a sandy soil and improved weed control in comparison with the commercial formulation. The current study tested the effect of soil wetting and drying cycles (WDCs) on metolachlor fate (desorption, leaching, and weed control) applied as the CRF and as the commercial formulation. Metolachlor adsorption to a heavy soil (Terra-Rosa) was predominately to the clay minerals and oxides. Metolachlor release from a heavy soil subjected to WDCs was higher than its release from the soil not subjected to WDCs. Consequently, a bioassay in soil columns treated with the commercial formulation indicated enhanced metolachlor leaching in heavy soils under WDCs. In contrast, when metolachlor was applied as the CRF, leaching was suppressed and not affected by WDCs. These results emphasize the advantages of the CRF also in heavy soils subjected to WDCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Soil Wetting and Drying Cycles on Metolachlor Fate in Soil Applied as a Commercial or Controlled-Release Formulation

Goldreich¹,

Goldwasser

Mishael³

2010

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…During precipitation or irrigation events, there is a delay between the start of precipitation and the initiation of the overland flow that reaches the edge of the field as runoff. The duration of this delay may be substantial if the soil or materials at the surface have low antecedent moisture, the surface slope is low and roughness is high, plant or other debris extensively cover the surface, the soil texture is coarse and surface sealing is minimal, or if numerous microreliefs exist on the surface that result in the ponding of water (Shaw et al, 2006; Srinivisan et al, 2007; Van de Giesen et al, 2011). Before overland flow begins, the release processes transfer chemicals and microorganisms to water that infiltrate into soil or accumulate in microponds at the soil surface.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of runoff delay on overland export was documented for herbicides (Wauchope et al, 1990; Müller et al, 2004; Otto et al, 2008), nutrients (Torbert et al, 1999; Srinivisan et al, 2007; Vadas et al, 2011), and pesticides (Kladivko et al, 2001; Shaw et al, 2006); however, little is known about the effect of runoff delay on the overland export of bacteria. The potential significance of such an effect was demonstrated by Cardoso et al (2012), who studied export of E. coli and Salmonella from experimental plots amended with swine manure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Escherichia coli Export from Manured Fields Depends on the Time between the Start of Rainfall and Runoff Initiation

Stocker

Pachepsky

Hill³

et al. 2018

J of Env Quality

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After rainfall or irrigation begins, surface‐applied chemicals and manure‐borne microorganisms typically enter the soil with infiltration until the soil saturates, after which time the chemicals and microbes are exported from the field in the overland flow. This process is viewed as a reason for the dependence of chemical export on the time between rainfall start and runoff initiation that has been documented for agricultural chemicals. The objective of this work was to observe and quantify such dependence for Escherichia coli released from solid farmyard dairy manure in field conditions. Experiments were performed for 6 yr and consisted of manure application followed by an immediate simulated rainfall event and a second event 1 wk later. The nonlinearity of the release seen in laboratory and plot studies did not manifest itself in the field. The number of exported E. coli cells in runoff was proportional to rainfall depth after runoff initiation in each trial. The proportionality coefficient, termed export rate, demonstrated a strong dependence on the runoff delay time that could be approximated with the exponential decrease. The export rate decreased by one order of magnitude when the rainfall depth at runoff initiation increased from 18 to 42 mm. The same dependence could approximate data from the simulated rainfall event 1 wk after the manure application, assuming that the initial E. coli content in manure after 1 wk of weathering was 10% of the initial content. Overall, accounting for the dependence of manure‐borne E. coli export on the runoff delay time should improve the accuracy of E. coli export predictions related to the assessment of agricultural practices on microbial water quality. Core Ideas The manure‐borne E. coli export rate strongly depended on the runoff delay time. Manure‐borne E. coli export was well fitted using a constant export rate. On average, a 10‐fold decrease in E. coli export was observed between weeks.

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Effectiveness of Integrated Best Management Practices on Mitigation of Atrazine and Metolachlor in an Agricultural Lake Watershed

Lizotte

Locke

Bingner

et al. 2017

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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The study examined the influence of land-use (cropping patterns) and integrated agricultural best management practices (BMPs) on spring herbicide levels in an agricultural watershed. Atrazine and metolachlor were applied for weed control during spring of 1998-2002, 2005, and 2007-2013. Watershed-wide mass of applied herbicides ranged from 12.7 to 209.2 g atrazine and 10.9-302.2 g metolachlor with greatest application during 1998, 2009-2010 (atrazine) and 2007-2013 (metolachlor). Spring herbicide concentrations in Beasley Lake water ranged from below detection to 3.54 μg atrazine/L and 3.01 μg metolachlor/L. Multiple linear regression analyses with cropping patterns, BMPs, rainfall and time as independent variables, showed atrazine applications were associated with increases in cotton acreage and quail buffer, while metolachlor applications increased over time. Multiple linear regressions showed lake atrazine concentrations were associated with conservation tillage, rainfall, and corn, while lake metolachlor concentrations were associated with the cumulative metolachlor application and sediment retention pond installation.

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Runoff losses of cyanazine and metolachlor: effects of soil type and precipitation timing

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Effect of Soil Wetting and Drying Cycles on Metolachlor Fate in Soil Applied as a Commercial or Controlled-Release Formulation

Effect of Soil Wetting and Drying Cycles on Metolachlor Fate in Soil Applied as a Commercial or Controlled-Release Formulation

Escherichia coli Export from Manured Fields Depends on the Time between the Start of Rainfall and Runoff Initiation

Effectiveness of Integrated Best Management Practices on Mitigation of Atrazine and Metolachlor in an Agricultural Lake Watershed

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