Rupestrian Grassland Vegetation, Diversity, and Origin

Conceição, Abel Augusto; Rapini, Alessandro; Carmo, Flávio Fonseca do; Brito, Juliana C.; Silva, Gabriela A.; Neves, Sâmia Paula Santos; Jacobi, Claudia Maria

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29808-5_6

Cited by 58 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…High levels of endemism can result from two scenarios: either (a) these environments promote high local speciation (neoendemisms), or (b) they permit survival of lineages that undergo extinction elsewhere (palaeoendemisms) (Keppel et al, ). Even though campo rupestre have been classified as an old, climatically buffered and infertile landscape (Conceição et al, ; Hopper, Silveira, & Fiedler, ), thus intuitively associating them to palaeoendemisms, phylogenies of some endemic lineages have shown that recent, fast speciation is surprisingly common (e.g., Antonelli, Verola, Parisod, & Gustafsson, ; Ribeiro, Rapini, Damascena, & Berg, ; Rando et al, ). There is certainly scope for further investigation on this question and we strongly believe that officializing these bioregions is going to facilitate such studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vasconcelos () and Alves et al () revisited this debate and defined campo rupestre as “mountaintop vegetations of areas above 900 m of altitude, occupying stretches of lithosols associated to outcrops of quartzite and sandstone”. This definition has been more or less followed by subsequent authors (e.g., Longhi‐Wagner, Welker, & Waechter, ; Conceição et al, ; Silveira et al, ; Pontara et al, ), including the BFG. We also follow it here.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Espinhaço Range is a major mountainous extension geomorphologically divided on the southern (Minas Gerais state) and northern (Bahia state) portions (Gontijo, ). In terms of vegetation (i.e., phytophysiognomy or ecoregions), the Espinhaço Range is an enclave between the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado and Caatinga (Conceição et al, ). On the other hand, the Chapada dos Veadeiros is a highland area nested within the Cerrado ecoregion as a part of a plateau located in the states of Goiás and Tocantins, including the highest altitudes of central Brazil (Lenza, Pinto, Pinto, Maracahipes, & Bruziguessi, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outstanding plant endemism levels strongly support the recognition ofcampo rupestreprovinces in mountaintops of eastern South America

Colli‐Silva

Vasconcelos

Pirani

2019

Journal of Biogeography

116

100

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Aim The Brazilian campo rupestre is a vegetation associated to ancient mountaintops in eastern South America, spread mainly over disjunct areas of the Espinhaço Range and the Chapada dos Veadeiros. These areas hold outstanding levels of plant diversity and endemism, but despite their uniqueness they have been neglected in recent bioregionalizations for the Neotropical region. Given their particular levels of species richness and endemism, we here test the recognition of these as distinct bioregions within the Chacoan dominion. Location Mountaintops of eastern South America. Methods We listed 1,748 angiosperm species endemic to the campo rupestre of the Espinhaço Range and Chapada dos Veadeiros regions, based on the data gathered from the Brazilian Flora 2020 Project. We extracted all occurrence information available from GBIF (the Global Biodiversity Information Facility) for such list and also for a polygon gathering all the study area, including information from adjacent vegetations. Data went through standard cleaning procedures and a network clustering analysis was performed to delimitate the boundaries of the new bioregions. Results Our data strongly support the recognition of two distinct bioregions along the Espinhaço Range, but none in the Chapada dos Veadeiros. Given their high levels of endemism and singularity within the Chacoan dominion, we formalize two provinces associated to campo rupestre in the Espinhaço Range, naming them as “Chapada Diamantina” and “Southern Espinhaço” provinces. Within the latter province, three districts are also recognized, based on this and previous studies: “Diamantina Plateau”, “Grão‐Mogol” and “Iron Quadrangle” districts. Main conclusions The formalization of new and previously described bioregions highlights the campo rupestre as a vegetation harbouring outstanding levels of species richness and endemism in South America, contributing to a better understanding of biogeographical patterns in the Neotropics. Also, as we follow the International Code of Area Nomenclature as a device to standardize recognition of bioregions, this shall facilitate further biogeographical and conservation studies in these areas. Further assessments with new and revisited data are needed to enable minor scale bioregionalization within the Chacoan dominion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Outstanding plant endemism levels strongly support the recognition ofcampo rupestreprovinces in mountaintops of eastern South America

Colli‐Silva

Vasconcelos

Pirani

2019

Journal of Biogeography

116

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Local forests are partly managed through traditional slash-and-burn, and partly are conserved for water regulation. In both cases, forests provide medicinal plants (83 different species), fruits (35 species), fibers, oils and timber (16 species) used to build local houses and facilities [30].…”

Section: Central and South Americamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Role of Forests and Agroforestry Systems in the FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme

Santoro

Venturi

Bertani³

et al. 2020

Forests

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Traditional agroforestry systems have received increasing attention in recent decades for their multifunctional role and as a sustainable development model for rural areas. At the international level, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) launched the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) programme in 2002 with the aim of identifying agricultural systems of global importance; preserving landscapes, agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge; applying the dynamic conservation principles while promoting sustainable development. The aim of the research is to carry out a review of the inscription dossiers of all the 59 sites already included in the GIAHS programme, in order to analyze the role of forests and agroforestry systems. Moreover, the main traditional management techniques have been identified and briefly described, as traditional forest-related knowledge is particularly important for sustainable forest management. Forests and agroforestry systems have been found to be important or crucial in about half of the sites. The main role assigned to forests and agroforestry systems in GIAHS proposals is related to the production of timber, fuelwood and by-products for the local communities according to sustainable and traditional management techniques. Among these, they also play important roles in hydrogeological protection, water regulation and biodiversity maintenance, representing examples both of human adaptation to different environments and of resilient systems that could help to face global challenges such as hydrogeological risk and climate change. The review of the GIAHS inscription dossiers also highlighted the lack of a uniform approach in dealing with forest issues, especially for what concern the description of management plans and the relation with protected areas or forest planning instruments.

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“…Research developed both in the BIFs and CRC have highlighted considerable flora and fauna endemism (Borsali, 2012;Conceição et al, 2016;Gibson et al, 2017;Jacobi et al, 2007;. Sustainable use of these areas implies investing time and effort to record and study the local biodiversity in order to determine authoritatively which species are to be considered important in terms of conservation (endemic, rare or threatened).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edaphic Endemism in the Amazon: Vascular Plants of the canga of Carajás, Brazil

et al. 2019

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Amazonia is one of the most diverse biomes worldwide, and, as well as luxuriant forest, it includes mountain areas which, despite their small surface area, display fascinating endemism. In these regions, the specificity of edaphic factors is mirrored by a highly specialised, isolated flora adapted to survive adverse conditions. The Serra dos Carajás in the Brazilian state of Pará is one of world's largest iron ore reserves. Known locally as canga, this ironstone formation occupies an area of 115.9 km 2 , and supports campo rupestre of canga vegetation on outcrops that are mostly in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás (FLONA of Carajás) and Parque Nacional dos Campos Ferruginosos (PNCF). The recent publication of the Flora of the cangas of Carajás lists 856 species of seed plants and 186 species of ferns and lycophytes. This project assessed the canga endemic species growing in the region, and further expeditions guided by SDM were carried out in order to ascertain their distribution outisde the area. Departing from an initial list of 58 putative endemics, the final list comprises 38 species of vascular plants (c. 4% of the local flora). These are distributed in 31 genera and 22 families, including three monotypic genera: Carajasia (Rubiaceae), Monogereion and Parapiqueria (Asteraceae). From these, 24 are classified as Rare Species for Brazil and seven as Highly Restricted Endemic (EEO < 100 km 2). An illustrated account is provided, as well as further SDM to detect other possible areas of distribution based on the studied species. The knowledge generated is aimed at directing appropriate conservation plans for the area.

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Rupestrian Grassland Vegetation, Diversity, and Origin

Cited by 58 publications

References 42 publications

Outstanding plant endemism levels strongly support the recognition ofcampo rupestreprovinces in mountaintops of eastern South America

Outstanding plant endemism levels strongly support the recognition ofcampo rupestreprovinces in mountaintops of eastern South America

A Review of the Role of Forests and Agroforestry Systems in the FAO Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Programme

Edaphic Endemism in the Amazon: Vascular Plants of the canga of Carajás, Brazil

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