Rupture, invasion and inflammatory destruction of the intestinal barrier by Shigella, making sense of prokaryote–eukaryote cross-talks

Sansonetti, P

doi:10.1016/s0168-6445(00)00060-7

Cited by 83 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The type III protein secretion system is found among various gram-negative animal-and plant-pathogenic bacteria, in which the subsets of effector proteins that are secreted via the system into host cells have crucial roles in the bacterial infection process (8,9,16,38). Genetic and functional studies indicate that the type III secretion system requires proteins encoded by more than 20 genes, which contain the structural components of the secretion complex, secreted proteins, chaperones, and regulators (10,11,19,37,43).…”

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confidence: 99%

Shigella Spa32 Is an Essential Secretory Protein for Functional Type III Secretion Machinery and Uniformity of Its Needle Length

et al. 2002

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The Shigella type III secretion machinery is responsible for delivering to host cells the set of effectors required for invasion. The type III secretion complex comprises a needle composed of MxiH and MxiI and a basal body made up of MxiD, MxiG, and MxiJ. In S. flexneri, the needle length has a narrow range, with a mean of approximately 45 nm, suggesting that it is strictly regulated. Here we show that Spa32, encoded by one of the spa genes, is an essential protein translocated via the type III secretion system and is involved in the control of needle length as well as type III secretion activity. When the spa32 gene was mutated, the type III secretion complexes possessed needles of various lengths, ranging from 40 to 1,150 nm. Upon introduction of a cloned spa32 into the spa32 mutant, the bacteria produced needles of wild-type length. The spa32 mutant overexpressing MxiH produced extremely long (>5 m) needles. Spa32 was secreted into the medium via the type III secretion system, but secretion did not depend on activation of the system. The spa32 mutant and the mutant overexpressing MxiH did not secrete effectors such as Ipa proteins into the medium or invade HeLa cells. Upon introduction of Salmonella invJ, encoding InvJ, which has 15.4% amino acid identity with Spa32, into the spa32 mutant, the bacteria produced type III needles of wild-type length and efficiently entered HeLa cells. These findings suggest that Spa32 is an essential secreted protein for a functional type III secretion system in Shigella spp. and is involved in the control of needle length. Furthermore, its function is interchangeable with that of Salmonella InvJ.The type III protein secretion system is found among various gram-negative animal-and plant-pathogenic bacteria, in which the subsets of effector proteins that are secreted via the system into host cells have crucial roles in the bacterial infection process (8,9,16,38). Genetic and functional studies indicate that the type III secretion system requires proteins encoded by more than 20 genes, which contain the structural components of the secretion complex, secreted proteins, chaperones, and regulators (10,11,19,37,43). In Shigella spp., the system is encoded by approximately 20 genes located in the mxi and spa operons on a large 230-kb plasmid (5, 19). The proteins of the type III secretion system show considerable amino acid homology among different pathogens, and some of them also show amino acid homology with the components of the bacterial flagellar export system (26). Although the function of the type III secretion system in bacterial infection is distinct from that of the flagellar export system, the type III secretion system is believed to have evolved from the flagellar export system and diverged in each pathogen to become involved in the infection process (15).Recent studies indicate that the type III secretion complexes of Shigella flexneri and Salmonella spp. share structural similarities; the complexes are composed of two distinct parts, a basal body and a needle. The basal...

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Shigella Spa32 Is an Essential Secretory Protein for Functional Type III Secretion Machinery and Uniformity of Its Needle Length

et al. 2002

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“…They are responsible for shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, a disease that causes high fever, neurological disturbances, and mucus-pyohemorrhagic dysentery (3). These bacteria are responsible for morbidity and mortality in high risk populations such as children under five years of age, senior citizens, toddlers in day-care centers, patients in custodial institutions, homosexual men, and those affected by war and famine (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial entry is a consequence of bacterial factors that induce internalization of Shigella by the host cells (5). The invasion process is complex and involves three chromosomal and five plasmid loci (3). The virulence plasmid related to the invasion process was first described in S. flexneri strains (6), and was later found in other serogroups of Shigella, namely S. dysenteriae, S. boydii, as well as enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological characterization of resistance and PCR typing of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei strains isolated from bacillary dysentery cases in Southeast Brazil

Penatti¹,

Hollanda²,

Nakazato³

et al. 2007

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Shigella spp are Gram-negative, anaerobic facultative, non-motile, and non-sporulated bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae family responsible for "Shigellosis" or bacillary dysentery, an important cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. However, despite this, there are very few epidemiological studies about this bacterium in Brazil. We studied the antibiotic resistance profiles and the clonal structure of 60 Shigella strains (30 S. flexneri and 30 S. sonnei) isolated from shigellosis cases in different cities within the metropolitan area of Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil. We used the following well-characterized molecular techniques: enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus, repetitive extragenic palindromic, and double-repetitive element-polymerase chain reaction to characterize the bacteria. Also, the antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by the diffusion disk method. Many strains of S. flexneri and S. sonnei were found to be multiresistant. S. flexneri strains were resistant to ampicillin in 83.3% of cases, chloramphenicol in 70.0%, streptomycin in 86.7%, sulfamethoxazole in 80.0%, and tetracycline in 80.0%, while a smaller number of strains were resistant to cephalothin (3.3%) and sulfazotrim (10.0%). S. sonnei strains were mainly resistant to sulfamethoxazole (100.0%) and tetracycline (96.7%) and, to a lesser extent, to ampicillin (6.7%) and streptomycin (26.7%). Polymerase chain reaction-based typing supported the existence of specific clones responsible for the shigellosis cases in the different cities and there was evidence of transmission between cities. This clonal structure would probably be the result of selection for virulence and resistance phenotypes. These data indicate that the human sanitary conditions of the cities investigated should be improved.

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“…Avaliamos a transcrição relativa dos genes ipaB e ipaC das três cepas de EIEC nas duas primeiras horas de infecção pós-fagocitose. O nível da transcrição de ipaB e ipaC foi similar entre a cepa selvagem e a deficiente na flagelina e, como esperado, não foi observado à transcrição desses genes na cepa sem o Foi demonstrado que as citocinas pró-inflamatórias IL-1β e TNF-α tem papel fundamental no início da inflamação na infecção por Shigella (RAQIB et al, 1995;SANSONETTI et al, 2000, SANSONETTI, 2001. Além disso, a IL-1β apresenta uma gama de funções, induz tanto a inflamação local como a sistêmica (DINARELLI et al, 1999), e recentemente a IL-1β foi descrita como essencial na indução da resposta Th17, envolvida no recrutamento de neutrófilos para o foco infeccioso, essenciais no controle das infecções bacterianas (CHUNG et al, 2009;MIAO et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A IL-1β, juntamente com TNF-α, atua na migração inicial de células do sistema imune inato (principalmente monócitos e neutrófilos) para o local da infecção (SANSONETTI, 2001).…”

Section: Macrófagosunclassified

O papel da flagelina e do sistema de secreção de Escherichia coli enteroinvasora na resposta imune inata dos macrófagos

Ferreira¹

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Rupture, invasion and inflammatory destruction of the intestinal barrier by Shigella, making sense of prokaryote–eukaryote cross-talks

Cited by 83 publications

References 51 publications

Shigella Spa32 Is an Essential Secretory Protein for Functional Type III Secretion Machinery and Uniformity of Its Needle Length

Shigella Spa32 Is an Essential Secretory Protein for Functional Type III Secretion Machinery and Uniformity of Its Needle Length

Epidemiological characterization of resistance and PCR typing of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei strains isolated from bacillary dysentery cases in Southeast Brazil

O papel da flagelina e do sistema de secreção de Escherichia coli enteroinvasora na resposta imune inata dos macrófagos

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