Rural – urban migration of family labor: A portfolio model

The nuanced nature of work quality: Evidence from rural Newfoundland and Ireland

“…This research focused on rural individuals as academic research has long discussed the challenges they face, including a tradition of out-migration, rural to urban migration, challenges within traditional primary sector industrial activity and broadly different lifestyle choices (Partridge and Nolan, 2005; Shucksmith et al, 2009; Zenou, 2011). Depending upon the degree of remoteness and level of population, rural individuals could have fewer local employment options and might have to manage their lives despite having only limited employment income (Anam and Chiang, 2007; Partridge et al, 2010; Vera-Toscano et al, 2004). This research focused mainly on ‘older’ workers (of 40+ years of age) among rural workers, since it was presumed that, relative to younger workers, they might have different perceptions of work and different financial expectations and requirements and because rural communities are grappling with the impacts of aging populations (see Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, 2005).…”

“…Depending upon the degree of remoteness and level of population, rural individuals could have fewer local employment options and might have to manage their lives despite having only limited employment income (Anam and Chiang, 2007;Partridge et al, 2010;Vera-Toscano et al, 2004). This research focused mainly on 'older' workers (of 40+ years of age) among rural workers, since it was presumed that, relative to younger workers, they might have different perceptions of work and different financial expectations and requirements and because rural communities are grappling with the impacts of aging populations (see Government of Newfoundland and Labrador, 2005).…”

Uncertainty and International Migration: An Option Cum Portfolio Model

“…Family-based migration models can also be found inAnam and Chiang 2007;Chen et al (2003), andBorjas and Bronars (1991).…”

COVID-19 lockdown, family migration and unemployment in a gendered society

“…Families in such cases are multi-centred but united ( Shah 1973 ; Chekki 1974 ). On the other hand, Banerjee and Kanbur (1981) , Stark (1984) and Anam and Chiang (2007) developed a multi-centred migration model where families allocate members in rural and urban regions so as to maximize expected family gain given other economic factors. The majority of these analyses considered heterogeneity of members based on productivity differences.…”