Ruthenium‐based Conjugated Polymer and Metal‐organic Framework Nanocomposites for Glucose Sensing

Abstract

Many studies have focused on effective ways to exploit enzyme immobilization on an electrode surface to help improve the performance of enzymatic electrochemical biosensors. Herein, a novel glucose sensor was fabricated by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) onruthenium‐based conjugated polymer (CP) and metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanocomposites. This has not only reduced the applied potential to 0.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), but also improved the effective surface area for enzyme immobilization.PPG@Ru@UiO‐66‐NH2 was tailored by controlled chemical synthesis from a pre‐synthesized water‐soluble conjugated polymer (poly(N‐phenylglycine)) and metal‐organic framework (UiO‐66‐NH2). The resulting nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The PPG@Ru@UiO‐66‐NH2/GOx coated electrodedisplayed a linear measurementrange for glucose from 1 mM to 10 mM, with a sensitivity of 45.92 μA ⋅ mM−1cm−1 and limit of detection of5 μM(S/N=3 ). Furthermore, the practical application of the fabricatedglucosesensor was tested in simulative blood samples with satisfactoryaccuracy. This approach alsoopens a new door for applications regarding both enzymatic electrochemical biosensors and enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs).

The Chemistry and Applications of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Industrial Enzyme Immobilization Systems

“…Biomolecule–MOF composites have been designed with an innovative focus on the detection of compounds of interest depending on the application sector. Some key compounds include uric acid [ 192 , 193 ], glucose [ 194 ], microRNAs [ 195 ], H 2 O 2 [ 196 ], carcinoembryonic antigens [ 197 ], acetaminophen, and dopamine [ 193 ]. The main biomacromolecules are enzymes, as they provide more ecological, economical, and sustainable processes [ 29 ].…”

Research Progress of UiO-66-Based Electrochemical Biosensors

“…Jin et al went a step further by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) on ruthenium-based conjugated polymers and UiO-66-NH 2 nanocomposites, avoiding the weak electronic conductivity of MOFs and increasing the biocompatibility and stability. This design opens a new path for applying enzyme electrochemical biosensors and enzyme biofuel cells (EBFCs) ( Jin et al, 2021 ).…”

Development of a highly sensitive glucose nanocomposite biosensor based on recombinant enzyme from corn

“…[19][20][21] The properties of nanocomposites depend on the shape and volume fraction, the morphology, and the nature of the interphase between the two components. 22 AuNPs enhance the sensitivity of a sensor and have many advantages such as a large specific area, biocompatibility, and high chemical stability. [23][24][25][26] Immobilizing enzymes on an electrode is a well-known method to improve enzyme reusability and stability and enhance the capacity and accessibility of biomolecules.…”

“…The properties of nanocomposites depend on the shape and volume fraction, the morphology, and the nature of the interphase between the two components 22 . AuNPs enhance the sensitivity of a sensor and have many advantages such as a large specific area, biocompatibility, and high chemical stability 23‐26 …”