However, the major hurdles in commercialization of PSCs are their low long-term stability and hysteretic behavior in current-voltage (J-V) characteristics that need to be resolved. [11] To date, various mechanisms are proposed for the hysteretic behavior of PSCs including charge trapping -detrapping, [12] ferroelectricity, [13] ion migration [14] or interfacial capacitance. [15] The typical solar cell consists of transparent conductive electrode (fluorinedoped tin oxide (FTO)/indium tin oxide (ITO))/electron transport layer (ETL)/ perovskite absorber layer/hole transporting layer (HTL)/metal electrode. [16] For efficient PSCs, the ETL should exhibit i) high electron mobility to ensure fast electron transport within ETL, ii) proper energy level alignment for effective electron transfer and hole blocking, iii) high stability, iv) high transmittance, and v) easy processability. [17,18] Generally, TiO 2 has been widely used as an ETL in PSCs, however, the TiO 2 /perovskite interface suffers from charge accumulation owing to inefficient charge transfer. [19][20][21] Many strategies have been employed to circumvent this issue and improve the performance of the PSC. [22][23][24][25] For example, doping of compact TiO 2 ETL with inorganic Y, Zr, and Mg metal cations yields in reduced hysteresis because of possible defect passivation. [26][27][28] Moreover, surface passivation of mesoporous TiO 2 (ms-TiO 2 ) with various metal oxides There has been tremendous advancement in the field of perovskite photovoltaics by means of interfacial engineering, compositional engineering and optimization of charge collection efficiency. The large bandgap oxides deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique have proven to be successfully passivating the interfacial defects owing to the advantages offered by this technique. Here, the effect of surface modification of mesoporous TiO 2 (ms-TiO 2 ) layer with a transition metal oxide named niobium pentoxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) deposited by ALD technique on the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is investigated. The results reveal that functionalization with ultrathin Nb 2 O 5 layer improve the optoelectronic properties and morphology of the deposited perovskite films. Moreover, the charge transfer is improved and hence the interfacial recombination is reduced. This results in improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 19.11% to 21.04% and opencircuit voltage (V OC ) from 1.118 to 1.147 V for the modified champion device. Additionally, the device shows negligible hysteresis with enhanced shelf life thermal and UV stabilities.