Rutin mediated targeting of signaling machinery in cancer cells

Abstract

Progress in our understanding of molecular oncology has started to shed light on dysregulation of spatio-temporally controlled signaling pathways, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, tumour and normal stem cell quiescence, overexpression of oncogenes, extracellular and stromal microenvironments, epigenetics and autophagy. Sequentially and characteristically it has been shown that cancer cells acquire the ability to escape from apoptotic cell death, proliferate uncontrollably, sustain angiogenesis and tactfully reconstitute intracellular pathways to avoid immune surveillance. We have attempted to provide a recent snapshot of most recent progress with emphasis on how rutin modulates wide ranging intracellular signaling cascades as evidenced by in-vitro and in-vivo research. It is worth describing that 'single-cell proteomics' analysis has further improved our understanding regarding intracellular signaling pathways frequently activated in cancer cells resistant to therapeutics and can provide biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Data obtained from preclinical studies will prove to be helpful for scientists to bridge basic and translational studies.

Pharmacologically active flavonoids from the anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial extracts of Cassia angustifolia Vahl

“…On the other hand, rutin ( 3 ) has been reported as anticancer agent by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in murine leukemia WEHI-3 cells [41]. It was also reported that rutin ( 3 ) had the potential to kill the breast cancer cells in MDA-MB-231 cell line [42]. Based on the findings, the current study supports the hypothesis that antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities of C. angustifolia are due to at least in part to the presence of isolated flavonoids.…”

Rutin as A Novel c-Met Inhibitory Lead for The Control of Triple Negative Breast Malignancies

“…Furthermore, various antitumor studies have been reported for rutin in rodents. For instance, a prior study has reported the antitumor effect of rutin in nude mice bearing SW480 colon cancer cells (12). …”

“…For instance, rutin supplements are touted as a natural remedy to improve vascular disorders (11). Additionally, it showed anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, chemopreventive, and anticancer in vitro and in vivo activities (12). Reportedly, rutin modulates a wide range of intracellular signaling cascades including; the intrinsic pathway mediated apoptosis in leukemia K562 cells and down-regulation of the levels of inflammatory markers like tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-​α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-​2) (13).…”

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Aspalathus linearis and Cyclopia spp. Extracts in a UVB/Keratinocyte (HaCaT) Model Utilising Interleukin-1α Accumulation as Biomarker

“…Of the rooibos polyphenols very little is known about the anti-inflammatory effects of aspalathin, a dihydrochalcone and major flavonoid present in unoxidized rooibos. Quercetin and rutin have been reported to effect apoptosis in cancer cells including UVB-irradiated HaCaT keratinocytes [54,55]. Iso-orientin and vitexin are also known to effect apoptosis in cancer cells by disrupting the mitochondrial signalling pathways [56,57].…”