S-100β protein–serum levels in healthy children and its association with outcome in pediatric traumatic brain injury

Spinella, Philip C.; Dominguez, Troy E.; Drott, Henry R.; Huh, Jimmy W.; McCormick, L.; Rajendra, Anil; Argon, Jesse; McIntosh, Tracy K.; Helfaer, Mark A.

doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000053644.16336.52

Cited by 90 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…S100B is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is increased in brain parenchyma and CSF of AD patients, raising the potential that this cytokine contributes to the neuroinflammation cycle or might be a biomarker for disease progression [20,24,25,31]. Recent research also showed that S100B levels in CSF can be used as an indicator of clinical outcome (for references, see [29,32]). Biological endpoints that can be readily transferred from preclinical studies with animals to clinical investigations are critical to translation of promising preclinical findings to new therapeutic approaches to CNS disorders [3,28,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aminopyridazines inhibit β-amyloid-induced glial activation and neuronal damage in vivo

Craft

Watterson

Frautschy

et al. 2004

Neurobiology of Aging

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The critical role of chronic inflammation in disease progression continues to be increasingly appreciated across multiple disease areas, especially in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. We report that late intervention with a recently discovered aminopyridazine suppressor of glial activation, developed to inhibit both oxidative and inflammatory cytokine pathways, attenuates human amyloid beta (A␤)-induced glial activation in a murine model. Peripheral administration of the aminopyridazine MW01-070C, beginning 3 weeks after the start of intracerebroventricular infusion of human A␤1-42, decreased the number of activated astrocytes and microglia and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1␤, tumor necrosis factor-␣ and S100B in the hippocampus. Inhibition of neuroinflammation correlated with a decreased neuron loss, restoration towards control levels of synaptic dysfunction biomarkers in the hippocampus, and diminished amyloid plaque deposition. The results from this in vivo chemical biology approach provide a proof of concept that targeting of key glia inflammatory cytokine pathways can suppress A␤-induced neuroinflammation in vivo, with resultant attenuation of neuronal damage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aminopyridazines inhibit β-amyloid-induced glial activation and neuronal damage in vivo

Craft

Watterson

Frautschy

et al. 2004

Neurobiology of Aging

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“…15,16 The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of admission on the cognitive and functional performance of children admitted to the Pediatric ICU at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), by means of application of the POPC and PCPC at admission and at discharge to obtain a delta score, in addition to relating it to the Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) at admission 17 and with length of stay in the ICU.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacto da internação em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica: avaliação por meio de escalas de desempenho cognitivo e global

Alievi¹,

Carvalho²,

Trotta³

et al. 2007

J. Pediatr. (Rio J.)

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Objective: To assess the impact of admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil on children's cognitive and global performance.Methods: An observational, longitudinal study of a sequential sample of critically ill children. The following indicators were used: the Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM), for severity and risk of death at admission, the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC), for cognitive morbidity and the Pediatric Overall Performance Category (POPC), for global morbidity, at admission and at discharge. Morbidity related to the ICU was measured according to the difference between classifications at discharge and at admission (delta scores). The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied.Results: A total of 443 patients were assessed, 54% of whom were male, with a median age of 12 months (IQ 4-45), and a median ICU stay of 4.24 days (IQ 2.4-8). The mortality rate was 6.3%. The median PIM score was 2.36% (IQ 1-7). On admission, 46% of the patients had some degree of cognitive morbidity and 66% had some degree of global morbidity. At discharge there was 60% cognitive morbidity and 86% global morbidity. The assessment of ICUrelated morbidity revealed that 25% of the patients had undergone cognitive changes while 41% had undergone global variations, at discharge compared with admission. Conclusions:Although affected by the elevated degree of morbidity at admission, the impact of the ICU stay was more significant in the global than in the cognitive domain. In the same manner, both risk of death at admission and length of stay had a significant effect on the morbidity of severely ill patients.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(6): 505-511:Outcome, critical care, pediatric cerebral performance category, pediatric overall performance category, morbidity.

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“…In a study about paediatric TBI Spinella et al [5] reported a relationship between serum S100 levels and the outcome; a serum S100B level of ≥2 µg/l was associated with poor outcome with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 95%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

S100B Is Not a Reliable Prognostic Index in Paediatric TBI

et al. 2007

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Background: As far as paediatric traumatic brain injury is concerned, it is difficult to quantify the extent of the primary insult, to monitor secondary changes and to predict neurological outcomes by means of the currently used diagnostic tools: physical examination, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score and computed tomography. For this reason, several papers focused on the use of biochemical markers (S100B, neuron-specific enolase) to detect and define the severity of brain damage and predict outcome after traumatic head injury or cardiac arrest. Objective: The aim of this paper is measuring the range of S100B serum concentrations in children affected by traumatic brain injury and describing the possible roles of this protein in the reaction to trauma. Methods: Fifteen children aged 1–15 years were included in the study. Traumatic brain injury severity was defined by paediatric GCS score as mild (9 patients), moderate (2 patients) or severe (4 patients). Blood samples for S100B serum measurement were taken at emergency department admission and after 48 h. Results: The serum S100B concentration was higher in the group of severe trauma patients, who scored the lowest on the GCS at admission, and among them, the highest values were reported by the children with concomitant peripheral lesions. Conclusions: The role of S100B in paediatric traumatic brain injury has not been clarified yet, and the interpretation of its increase when the head trauma is associated with other injuries needs the understanding of the physiopathological mechanisms that rule its release in the systemic circulation. The levels of S100B in serum after a brain injury could be related to the mechanical discharge from a destroyed blood-brain barrier, or they could be due to the active expression by the brain, as a part of its involvement in the systemic inflammatory reaction. Early increase of this protein is not a reliable prognostic index of neurological outcome after pediatric traumatic brain injury, since even very elevated values are compatible with a complete neurological recovery.

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S-100β protein–serum levels in healthy children and its association with outcome in pediatric traumatic brain injury

Abstract: Serum S-100beta levels in healthy children have a moderate inverse correlation with age. After traumatic brain injury in children, the acute assessment of serum S-100beta levels seems to be associated with outcome.

Cited by 90 publications

References 39 publications

Aminopyridazines inhibit β-amyloid-induced glial activation and neuronal damage in vivo

Aminopyridazines inhibit β-amyloid-induced glial activation and neuronal damage in vivo

Impacto da internação em unidade de terapia intensiva pediátrica: avaliação por meio de escalas de desempenho cognitivo e global

S100B Is Not a Reliable Prognostic Index in Paediatric TBI

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