S-ketamine versus racemic ketamine in dogs: their relative potency as induction agents

Casoni, Daniela; Spadavecchia, Claudia; Adami, Chiara

doi:10.1111/vaa.12200

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Similarly, greater analgesia/sedative efficacy has been reported with S -stereoisomer ketamine in paediatric cardiac catheterisation [27] , and a 4: 1 S/R potency ratio for regaining consciousness reported by White et al [28] in adult human volunteers. Racemic and S -ketamine have however been demonstrated to provide similar quality of anaesthetic induction in dogs [29] . Paradoxically, R -ketamine has been shown to be a more potent and safe antidepressant relative to S -ketamine in a murine model [30] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Hypnotic Potency in Rats of the Novel Ketamine Ester Analogue SN 35210

Harvey¹,

Sleigh

Voss

et al. 2015

Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Ketamine is a rapidly acting dissociative anaesthetic drug with additional sympathomimetic, analgesic, and antidepressant properties. Despite these advantages, clinical use is curtailed by prolonged psychomimetic effects apparent over the entire dose spectrum. In this study, we report on the hypnotic potency of SN 35210, the first ketamine ester-analogue designed for rapid offset via esterase-mediated hydrolysis. Methods: Thirty-three adult Sprague Dawley rats received intravenous racemic ketamine (n = 14), racemic SN 35210 (n = 19), S-enantiomer SN 35210 (n = 17), or R-enantiomer SN 35210 (n = 15), in crossover design. The ability to induce loss of righting reflex (LORR) at a given dose, the duration of righting reflex loss, and the time to return of normal behaviours were recorded. The ED50 for LORR was determined for all agents. Results: The ED50 for righting reflex loss was racemic ketamine 9.6 (95% CI 8.5-10.9) mg/kg, racemic SN 35210 10.4 (95% CI 9.5-11.5) mg/kg, S-enantiomer SN 35210 10.6 (95% CI 9.1-11.8), and R-enantiomer SN 35210 10.3 (95% CI 9.1-11.4) mg/kg. The duration of righting reflex loss and time to return to normal behaviours were approximately 5 times greater for racemic ketamine than all 3 SN 35210 ester analogues. Conclusions: Racemic, and R and S-enantiomer SN 35210, produced LORR in rats at similar doses to the parent compound ketamine. The duration of righting reflex loss, and duration of behavioural aberration, was significantly reduced for all SN 35210 analogues.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Hypnotic Potency in Rats of the Novel Ketamine Ester Analogue SN 35210

Harvey¹,

Sleigh

Voss

et al. 2015

Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the present study, ketamine was included as part of a balanced anesthetic technique and not as the anesthetic induction agent. The ketamine dose of 3mgkg The SK is more potent than RK, and potency ratio (SK/RK) in dogs was estimated to range between 1.29/1 and 1.5/1 (DUQUe et al, 2008;CaSoNI et al, 2015). In the present study, the ISo MaC in SK was significantly lower than in RK based on the 95% confidence intervals for the calculated ISO MaC (SK: 0.22 to 0.41%; RK: 0.49 to 0.51%).…”

Section: Bressan Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercially, ketamine is available as a racemic mixture and, more recently, as a formulation containing only the S(+)-isomer. The S-isomer was reported to be 1.5 times more potent than the racemic mixture in dogs (CaSoNI et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs administered a single intramuscular injection of racemic or S (+)-ketamine after premedication with acepromazine-morphine

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study evaluated the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane (ISOMAC) in twenty three dogs premedicated with acepromazine (0.02mgkg-1) and morphine (0.5mgkg-1) and administered racemic (RK) or S(+)-ketamine (SK). Dogs randomly received a single dose (3mgkg-1, IM) of either RK or SK 15minutes after anesthetic induction with propofol. The ISOMAC was determined by the up-and-down method. Approximately 20 minutes after administration of RK or SK, a surgical noxious stimulus was applied and the response evaluated. The ISOMAC was 0.50±0.01% in the RK group (n=10) and 0.31±0.04% in the SK group (n=13). The ISOMAC was 38% lower in the SK group compared to the RK group. Results of the present study revealed that in dogs premedicated with acepromazine and morphine, IM administration of 3mgkg-1 ketamine approximately 20 minutes before the noxious stimulus produced clinically important reduction in the ISOMAC and the MAC-sparing effect was significantly greater with SK compared to RK.

show abstract

“…A dextrocetamina tem sido utilizada em cães como uma alternativa à cetamina racêmica, sendo 1,5 vezes mais potente nessa espécie [2]. A detomidina é um miorrelaxante, sedativo e analgésico, utilizada em equinos [17] e pouco empregada em cães.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Continuous Intravenous Anesthesia by Dextroketamine and Detomidine in Bitches Subjected to Ovariohysterectomy and Premedicated with Midazolam and Morphine

Henrique¹,

Pereira²,

Medeiros³

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background:The use of injectable anesthetics to induce and maintain anesthesia has been the subject of extensive research. Ketamine induces dissociative anesthesia, which is characterized by sensory loss, analgesia and amnesia without loss of consciousness. The levorotatory isomer of ketamine is dextroketamine. Detomidine, a potent myorelaxant that acts as a sedative and analgesic, is commonly used on horses but rarely tested in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects promoted by a combination of detomidine and dextroketamine applied via continuous intravenous infusion in bitches premedicated with midazolam and morphine. Materials, Methods & Results:Eight bitches treated at the veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande were referred for elective ovariohysterectomy (OHE). The animals were premedicated with 0.3 mg/kg of midazolam and 0.1 mg/kg of morphine intramuscular (IM) followed, after 15 min, with 0.02 mg/kg of detomidine IM. Fifteen min after the administration of detomidine, 3.5 mg/kg of dextroketamine was administered intravenously (IV), followed by continuous IV infusion of 14 mg/kg/h of dextroketamine and 30 μg/kg/h of detomidine. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), mean arterial pressure (MAP), myorelaxation and electrocardiogram were recorded before and 15 min after the administration of midazolam and morphine (M0 and M1), 15 min after detomidine (M2), immediately after starting the infusion (M3), at 10 min intervals up to 60 min (M4, M5, M6, M7, M8 and M9) and 30 min after the end of the infusion (M10). Blood gas variables were analyzed at M0, M1, M2, M6, M9 and M10. Analgesia was evaluated by measuring cortisol and glucose levels at M0, three min after dermotomy, three min after clamping the ovarian pedicle, and three min after dermorrhaphy. The quality and duration of recovery were evaluated. HR dropped significantly from M2 to M4 (P < 0.05), with bradycardia recorded at M2; at RR, with bradypnea starting at M2; and at BT from M6 to M10 (P < 0.05), without severe hypothermia. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased significantly from M3 to M7 (P < 0.01). Hypotension was observed at M1. The following were also observed: high amplitude T wave, elevated ST segment, atrioventricular blocks, sinus arrest and premature ventricular complexes. The blood gas variables suggested the presence of respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia. Cortisol levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) after clamping the ovarian pedicle (6.23 ± 3.07 μg/dL) and after dermorrhaphy (6.03 ± 2.24 μg/dL) than the levels at M0 (1.74 ± 1.08 μg/dL). Glucose levels three min after dermorrhaphy (129.46 ± 29.61 mg/dL) were substantially increased (P < 0.05) in comparison to M0 (89.66 ± 7.92 mg/dL). Myorelaxation was significantly higher from M3 to M9 (P < 0.05) than at M0 and M1. The recovery period lasted 302.1 ± 64.9 min. The quality of recovery was considered excellent in two animals, good in four animals and poor in two animals, which sho...

show abstract

S-ketamine versus racemic ketamine in dogs: their relative potency as induction agents

Cited by 18 publications

References 21 publications

Determination of the Hypnotic Potency in Rats of the Novel Ketamine Ester Analogue SN 35210

Determination of the Hypnotic Potency in Rats of the Novel Ketamine Ester Analogue SN 35210

Minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs administered a single intramuscular injection of racemic or S (+)-ketamine after premedication with acepromazine-morphine

Continuous Intravenous Anesthesia by Dextroketamine and Detomidine in Bitches Subjected to Ovariohysterectomy and Premedicated with Midazolam and Morphine

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About