S100B-Mediated Inhibition of the Phosphorylation of GFAP Is Prevented by TRTK-12

Frizzo, Juliana Karl; Tramontina, Francine; Bortoli, Erica; Gottfried, Carmen; Leal, Rodrigo Bainy; Lengyel, Imre; Donato, Rosario; Dunkley, Peter R.; Gonçalves, Carlos Alberto

doi:10.1023/b:nere.0000018844.51009.40

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Upon binding, S100β promotes disassembly of IF [72]. S100β-binding leads to inhibition of GFAP phosphorylation, which might be the mode of action that led to disassembly of IF [73]. Glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (another glia-derived trophic factor) have also been shown to be glia-protective [74,75].…”

Section: The Role Of Gfap In Astrocyte Activation (Astrogliosis) and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glial fibrillary acidic protein: from intermediate filament assembly and gliosis to neurobiomarker

Yang

Wang

2015

Trends in Neurosciences

708

468

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Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament-III protein uniquely found in astrocytes in the CNS, non-myelinating Schwann cells in the PNS and enteric glial cells. GFAP mRNA expressions are regulated by several nuclear-receptor hormones, growth factors and lipopolysaccharides. GFAP is also subjected to a number of post-translational modifications while GFAP mutations result in protein deposits known as Rosenthal fibers in Alexander disease. GFAP gene activation and protein induction appear to play a critical role in astroglia cell activation (astrogliosis) following CNS injuries and neurodegeneration. Emerging evidence also suggests that, following traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries and stroke, GFAP protein and its breakdown products are rapidly released into biofluids, making them strong candidate biomarkers for such neurological disorders.

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Section: The Role Of Gfap In Astrocyte Activation (Astrogliosis) and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glial fibrillary acidic protein: from intermediate filament assembly and gliosis to neurobiomarker

Yang

Wang

2015

Trends in Neurosciences

708

468

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“…Primary cultures of astrocytes express important markers, such as GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), S100B and GS proteins [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]. In addition, astrocyte cultures are extremely useful for metabolic studies of the glutamatergic system, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response [3], [11], [30], [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Adult Rat Astrocyte Cultures

et al. 2013

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Astrocytes, a major class of glial cells, regulate neurotransmitter systems, synaptic processing, ion homeostasis, antioxidant defenses and energy metabolism. Astrocyte cultures derived from rodent brains have been extensively used to characterize astrocytes' biochemical, pharmacological and morphological properties. The aims of this study were to develop a protocol for routine preparation and to characterize a primary astrocyte culture from the brains of adult (90 days old) Wistar rats. For this we used enzymatic digestion (trypsin and papain) and mechanical dissociation. Medium exchange occurred from 24 h after obtaining a culture and after, twice a week up to reach the confluence (around the 4th to 5th week). Under basal conditions, adult astrocytes presented a polygonal to fusiform and flat morphology. Furthermore, approximately 95% the cells were positive for the main glial markers, including GFAP, glutamate transporters, glutamine synthetase and S100B. Moreover, the astrocytes were able to take up glucose and glutamate. Adult astrocytes were also able to respond to acute H2O2 exposure, which led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and a decrease in glutamate uptake. The antioxidant compound resveratrol was able to protect adult astrocytes from oxidative damage. A response of adult astrocytes to an inflammatory stimulus with LPS was also observed. Changes in the actin cytoskeleton were induced in stimulated astrocytes, most likely by a mechanism dependent on MAPK and Rho A signaling pathways. Taken together, these findings indicate that the culture model described in this study exhibits the biochemical and physiological properties of astrocytes and may be useful for elucidating the mechanisms related to the adult brain, exploring changes between neonatal and adult astrocytes, as well as investigating compounds involved in cytotoxicity and cytoprotection.

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“…As with other S100 protein members, calcium binding to S100B induces a large conformational change that exposes hydrophobic residues allowing it to interact with other proteins in order to confer biological activity. [3][4][5] In this manner, S100B has been shown to control the assembly of tubulin 6,7 and other cytoskeletal proteins [8][9][10] and regulate a variety of phosphorylation events including those of Ndr kinase 11 and protein kinase II 12,13 in calcium-sensitive manners.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Dimeric Intermediate in the Unfolding Pathway for the Calcium-Binding Protein S100B

Shaw

Marlatt

Ferguson

et al. 2008

Journal of Molecular Biology

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S100B-Mediated Inhibition of the Phosphorylation of GFAP Is Prevented by TRTK-12

Cited by 30 publications

References 25 publications

Glial fibrillary acidic protein: from intermediate filament assembly and gliosis to neurobiomarker

Glial fibrillary acidic protein: from intermediate filament assembly and gliosis to neurobiomarker

Characterization of Adult Rat Astrocyte Cultures

Identification of a Dimeric Intermediate in the Unfolding Pathway for the Calcium-Binding Protein S100B

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