S2‐01‐02: The Active Study: what we Have Learned and what is Next? Cognitive Training Reduces Incident Dementia Across Ten Years

Edwards, Jerri D.; Xu, Huiping; Clark, Daniel O.; Ross, Lesley A.; Unverzagt, Frederick W.

doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.373

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Yet, as exhibited in the ACTIVE Study, booster sessions of cognitive training tended to yield beneficial gains. A future direction should consider whether 10 vs 20 h of SOP training would produce a better or worse therapeutic benefit to participants [ 23 ]; in fact, such an approach is being examined in another clinical population of older adults with HIV [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed of processing training in middle-aged and older breast cancer survivors (SOAR): results of a randomized controlled pilot

Meneses

Benz

Bail

et al. 2017

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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PurposeCognitive changes are common among breast cancer survivors. There is limited evidence to guide management of cognitive changes. This randomized controlled pilot evaluated the preliminary efficacy of a speed of processing (SOP) training among middle-aged and older breast cancer survivors.MethodsSixty breast cancer survivors with self-reported cognitive changes were recruited to the SOAR study. Participants were randomized to either a home-based SOP training (n = 30) or no-contact control group (n = 30). Primary outcomes were SOP (Useful Field of View Test®), and executive function (NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery). Neuropsychological assessments were completed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months post study entry. Data were analyzed using repeated measures t tests, analysis of covariance, and sensitivity analyses.ResultsSOP training resulted in improvement in objective measures of SOP and executive function. Immediate (6 week) posttest and 6-month follow-up demonstrated large SOP training effects over time. Large representation of African American women (51.2%) and 96% retention in the SOAR study add to study strengths.ConclusionHome-based SOP training shows promise for remediating cognitive changes following breast cancer treatment, particularly improved SOP, and executive function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speed of processing training in middle-aged and older breast cancer survivors (SOAR): results of a randomized controlled pilot

Meneses

Benz

Bail

et al. 2017

Breast Cancer Res Treat

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“…Cognitive training programs and video games showed cognitive benefits (Karbach and Verhaeghen, 2014; Lampit et al, 2014; Toril et al, 2014; Ballesteros et al, 2015), and first evidence indicated that cognitive training reduces the incidence of dementia over a 10-year period (Edwards et al, 2016). Similarly, physical activity has yielded promising results with regard to cognitive benefits (Smith et al, 2010; Nagamatsu et al, 2012; Kattenstroth et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Evidence That Short-Term Cognitive or Physical Training Programs or Lifestyles Are Related to Changes in White Matter Integrity in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia

Fissler

Müller

Küster

et al. 2017

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Cognitive and physical activities can benefit cognition. However, knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these activity-induced cognitive benefits is still limited, especially with regard to the role of white matter integrity (WMI), which is affected in cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the immediate and long-term effects of cognitive or physical training on WMI, as well as the association between cognitive and physical lifestyles and changes in WMI over a 6-month period. Additionally, we explored whether changes in WMI underlie activity-related cognitive changes, and estimated the potential of both trainings to improve WMI by correlating training outcomes with WMI. In an observational and interventional pretest, posttest, 3-month follow-up design, we assigned 47 community-dwelling older adults at risk of dementia to 50 sessions of auditory processing and working memory training (n = 13), 50 sessions of cardiovascular, strength, coordination, balance and flexibility exercises (n = 14), or a control group (n = 20). We measured lifestyles trough self-reports, cognitive training skills through training performance, functional physical fitness through the Senior Fitness Test, and global cognition through a cognitive test battery. WMI was assessed via a composite score of diffusion tensor imaging-based fractional anisotropy (FA) of three regions of interest shown to be affected in aging and Alzheimer’s disease: the genu of corpus callosum, the fornix, and the hippocampal cingulum. Effects for training interventions on FA outcomes, as well as associations between lifestyles and changes in FA outcomes were not significant. Additional analyses did show associations between cognitive lifestyle and global cognitive changes at the posttest and the 3-month follow-up (β ≥ 0.40, p ≤ 0.02) and accounting for changes in WMI did not affect these relationships. The targeted training outcomes were related to FA scores at baseline (cognitive training skills and FA composite score, rs = 0.68, p = 0.05; functional physical fitness and fornix FA, r = 0.35, p = 0.03). Overall, we found no evidence of a link between short-term physical or cognitive activities and WMI changes, despite activity-related cognitive changes in older adults at risk of dementia. However, we found positive associations between the two targeted training outcomes and WMI, hinting at a potential of long-term activities to affect WMI.

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“…In response to these concerns, there is growing interest in developing strategies or interventions that augment intellectual health and for understanding the neural mechanisms that underlie improvement in performance on cognitive tasks. These efforts seem particularly relevant, given the recent preliminary report suggesting that processing speed training in older adults may reduce the risk of developing dementia 10 years later (Edwards et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Neural Activity Underlying Working Memory after Computerized Cognitive Training in Older Adults

Tusch

Alperin

Ryan

et al. 2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Computerized cognitive training (CCT) may counter the impact of aging on cognition, but both the efficacy and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying CCT remain controversial. In this study, 35 older individuals were randomly assigned to Cogmed adaptive working memory (WM) CCT or an active control CCT, featuring five weeks of five ∼40 min sessions per week. Before and after the 5-week intervention, event-related potentials were measured while subjects completed a visual n-back task with three levels of demand (0-back, 1-back, 2-back). The anterior P3a served as an index of directing attention and the posterior P3b as an index of categorization/WM updating. We hypothesized that adaptive CCT would be associated with decreased P3 amplitude at low WM demand and increased P3 amplitude at high WM demand. The adaptive CCT group exhibited a training-related increase in the amplitude of the anterior P3a and posterior P3b in response to target stimuli across n-back tasks, while subjects in the active control CCT group demonstrated a post-training decrease in the anterior P3a. Performance did not differ between groups or sessions. Larger overall P3 amplitudes were strongly associated with better task performance. Increased post-CCT P3 amplitude correlated with improved task performance; this relationship was especially robust at high task load. Our findings suggest that adaptive WM training was associated with increased orienting of attention, as indexed by the P3a, and the enhancement of categorization/WM updating processes, as indexed by the P3b. Increased P3 amplitude was linked to improved performance; however. there was no direct association between adaptive training and improved performance.

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S2‐01‐02: The Active Study: what we Have Learned and what is Next? Cognitive Training Reduces Incident Dementia Across Ten Years

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Speed of processing training in middle-aged and older breast cancer survivors (SOAR): results of a randomized controlled pilot

Speed of processing training in middle-aged and older breast cancer survivors (SOAR): results of a randomized controlled pilot

No Evidence That Short-Term Cognitive or Physical Training Programs or Lifestyles Are Related to Changes in White Matter Integrity in Older Adults at Risk of Dementia

Changes in Neural Activity Underlying Working Memory after Computerized Cognitive Training in Older Adults

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