Saccades: Fundamentals and Neural Mechanisms

Pierce, Jordan E.; Clementz, Brett A.; McDowell, Jennifer E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20085-5_2

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…However, there is considerable cross-talk between the ventral and dorsal stream [41][42][43] . The parietal cortex also shows landmark influence in some visual and memory-guided saccade tasks 13,22 and projects to both the SEF and the FEF 33,44 . It is likely that these pathways are responsible for the allocentric influence in the visual signals observed in the current study and that these visual signals, in turn, are responsible for the influence of a landmark shift on FEF/SEF memory and motor responses that we observed in our previous studies 6,7 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landmark-Centered Coding in Frontal Cortex Visual Responses

Schütz

Bharmaurisa

Yan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Visual landmarks influence spatial cognition, navigation and goal-directed behavior, but their influence on visual coding for action is poorly understood. Here, we tested landmark influence on prefrontal visual responses by recording from 568 neurons in the frontal (FEF) and supplementary (SEF) eye fields of rhesus macaques. The response field (the area of visual space that modulates activity) for each neuron was tested in the presence of a landmark placed at one of four configurations. We then fit the spatially tuned response fields against a spatial coordinate continuum between gaze- and landmark-centered models. When response fields were fit separately for each target-landmark configuration, the best fits shifted (mean 37% / 40%) toward landmark-centered coding in FEF / SEF respectively, confirming a configuration-dependent intermediate coding scheme. Overall, these data show that external landmarks influence prefrontal visual responses, possibly helping to stabilize movement goals in the presence of noisy internal egocentric signals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landmark-Centered Coding in Frontal Cortex Visual Responses

Schütz

Bharmaurisa

Yan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landmark-Centered Coding in Frontal Cortex Visual Responses

Schütz

Bharmauria²,

Yan³

et al. 2020

SSRN Journal

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Visual landmarks influence spatial cognition, navigation and goal-directed behavior, but their influence on visual coding for action is poorly understood. Here, we tested landmark influence on prefrontal visual responses by recording from 568 neurons in the frontal (FEF) and supplementary (SEF) eye fields of rhesus macaques. The response field (the area of visual space that modulates activity) for each neuron was tested in the presence of a landmark placed at one of four configurations. We then fit the spatially tuned response fields against a spatial coordinate continuum between gaze-and landmark-centered models. When response fields were fit separately for each target-landmark configuration, the best fits shifted (mean 37% / 40%) toward landmark-centered coding in FEF / SEF respectively, confirming a configuration-dependent intermediate coding scheme. Overall, these data show that external landmarks influence prefrontal visual responses, possibly helping to stabilize movement goals in the presence of noisy internal egocentric signals.

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“…This turned the fixation mark dark-gray and brought up the stimulus with an onset asynchrony of 500 ms. The stimulus was presented for 200 ms, which is suitable to reduce the chance of eye movements to the stimulus location (e.g., Hutton, 2008 ; Pierce et al., 2019 ; Salthouse & Ellis, 1980 ) After an additional delay of 100 ms the fixation mark turned light-gray again to indicate that a response was expected. Participants pressed the left or right button respectively on a button-box to report the position of the target-grid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masking, crowding, and grouping: Connecting low and mid-level vision

2022

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An important task for vision science is to build a unitary framework of low- and mid-level vision. As a step on this way, our study examined differences and commonalities between masking, crowding and grouping—three processes that occur through spatial interactions between neighbouring elements. We measured contrast thresholds as functions of inter-element spacing and eccentricity for Gabor detection, discrimination and contour integration, using a common stimulus grid consisting of nine Gabor elements. From these thresholds, we derived a) the baseline contrast necessary to perform each task and b) the spatial extent over which task performance was stable. This spatial window can be taken as an indicator of field size, where elements that fall within a putative field are readily combined. We found that contrast thresholds were universally modulated by inter-element distance, with a shallower and inverted effect for grouping compared with masking and crowding. Baseline contrasts for detecting stimuli and discriminating their properties were positively linked across the tested retinal locations (parafovea and near periphery), whereas those for integrating elements and discriminating their properties were negatively linked. Meanwhile, masking and crowding spatial windows remained uncorrelated across eccentricity, although they were correlated across participants. This suggests that the computation performed by each type of visual field operates over different distances that co-varies across observers, but not across retinal locations. Contrast-processing units may thus lie at the core of the shared idiosyncrasies across tasks reported in many previous studies, despite the fundamental differences in the extent of their spatial windows.

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Saccades: Fundamentals and Neural Mechanisms

Cited by 18 publications

References 219 publications

Landmark-Centered Coding in Frontal Cortex Visual Responses

Landmark-Centered Coding in Frontal Cortex Visual Responses

Landmark-Centered Coding in Frontal Cortex Visual Responses

Masking, crowding, and grouping: Connecting low and mid-level vision

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