The ability of agricultural residues, namely wheat straw, sugarcane bagasse, groundnut shell and corn‐cob, for supporting cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei QM 9414 and the effect of pretreatments by chemical and physical agents on enzymatic hydrolysis of the residues have been investigated. Crystalline cellulose was used for comparison. Wheat straw supported maximum cellulase activities (FPA 111.11 IU g−1 substrate; CMCase 277.77 IUg−1 substrate; cellobiase 12.04 IU g−1 substrate) under submerged fermentation conditions at the end of six, six and ten days of incubation, respectively. The pretreatment of lignocellulosic wastes using both chemical and physical agents improved the enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrates. However, the nature and duration of delignification process of the cellulosics varied with the substrate. The treatment of sugarcane bagasse, corn‐cob and wheat straw using sodium hydroxide at a rate of 0.5% w/v with autoclaving for 1.5 h, 1.5 h and 0.5 h, respectively, was found to be optimum and resulted in the formation of reducing sugars of the order of 896 mg 10 g−1 of sugarcane bagasse, 760 mg 10 g−1 of corncob and 632 mg 10 g−1 of wheat straw. Among the physical agents, grinding of the groundnut shell to a particle size of 60 mesh was observed to be the most effective for producing maximum reducing sugars.